Electron Configuration

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Electron Configuration Electrons in Atoms Adapted from Christy Johannesen

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Presentation transcript:

Electron Configuration Ch. 5 - Electrons in Atoms Electron Configuration

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Both the position and the velocity of an electron cannot be determined at the same time.

A. General Rules Pauli Exclusion Principle Each orbital can hold TWO electrons with opposite spins.

A. General Rules Aufbau Principle Electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first. “Lazy Tenant Rule”

A. General Rules WRONG RIGHT Hund’s Rule Within a sublevel, place one e- per orbital before pairing them. “Empty Bus Seat Rule” WRONG RIGHT

B. Periodic Patterns s p d (n-1) f (n-2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7 © 1998 by Harcourt Brace & Company

B. Periodic Patterns p s d (n-1) f (n-2) Atomic # Total # of e- in the atom Period # energy level (subtract for d & f) s d (n-1) f (n-2) p

B. Periodic Patterns A/B Group # total # of valence e- Valence e- are the electrons in the outermost energy level Core e- are all of the electrons in inner energy levels

1s2 2s2 2p4 O C. Notation 1s 2s 2p 8e- Orbital Diagram Electron Configuration 1s2 2s2 2p4

S 16e- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 S 16e- [Ne] 3s2 3p4 C. Notation Longhand Configuration S 16e- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 Core Electrons Valence Electrons Shorthand Configuration S 16e- [Ne] 3s2 3p4

C. Periodic Patterns p s d (n-1) f (n-2) Shorthand Configuration Core e-: Go up one row and over to the Noble Gas. Valence e-: On the next row, fill in the # of e- in each sublevel. s d (n-1) f (n-2) p

C. Periodic Patterns Example - Germanium [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p2

D. Stability Full energy level Full sublevel (s, p, d, f) Half-full sublevel

D. Stability Electron Configuration Exceptions Copper EXPECT: [Ar] 4s2 3d9 ACTUALLY: [Ar] 4s1 3d10 Copper gains stability with a full d-sublevel.

D. Stability Electron Configuration Exceptions Chromium EXPECT: [Ar] 4s2 3d4 ACTUALLY: [Ar] 4s1 3d5 Chromium gains stability with a half-full d-sublevel.

D. Stability 1+ 2+ 3+ NA 3- 2- 1- Ion Formation Atoms gain or lose electrons to become more stable. Isoelectronic with the Noble Gases. 1+ 2+ 3+ NA 3- 2- 1-

O2- 10e- [He] 2s2 2p6 D. Stability Ion Electron Configuration Write the e- config for the closest Noble Gas EX: Oxygen ion  O2-  Ne O2- 10e- [He] 2s2 2p6