ATLAS: Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Level-1 triggering in ATLAS Developments since last report in 1999 Hardware status Software status Plans and Milestones Institutes: Birmingham, Heidelberg, Mainz, QMUL, RAL, Stockholm UK makes up ˜50% of staff and finance UK provides most of the leadership: Overall Coordinator – Eric Eisenhandler Hardware Coordinator – Tony Gillman Software Coordinator – Murrough Landon September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

Level-1 triggering in ATLAS LHC Proton-proton interaction rate is approximately 1 GHz Data stored at bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz for 2 ms Three-stage triggering system Level-1: custom built hardware, fixed latency – target rate 75 kHz Level-2: software, RoI based selection – target rate 1000 Hz Event Filter: software, full detector – target rate 100 Hz Level-1 has three sub-systems: Calorimeter Trigger Muon Trigger Central Trigger (CTP) September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Architecture September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

Position at last report Plus some bright ideas and backup R&D: Use LVDS to provide low power consumption link technology Exploit rapidly improving FPGA technology Increase use of common modules, backplanes Led to an improved architecture specification Majority of Glinks gone No need for ASICs or Multi-Chip Modules in UK processor FPGA use increases flexibility September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

Improved system architecture Common results merger module (CMM) hardware design with different firmware handles: Electromagnetic and tau objects Jet objects Energy objects (missing ET etc) Common Timing Control Module Common custom backplane for em and jet system Some new algorithms NB: also additional flexibility (from FPGAs) Responsibilities were rearranged With no loss of importance of UK September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

Project progress: Hardware Status Testing prototypes of all UK modules All but one module are full ATLAS specification Most complex is the Cluster Processor Module (CPM) 32 FPGAs (8 Xilinx XCV1000E) 80 LVDS de-serialisers Approximately 80 G bits/sec i/o through rear connector (needed for algorithm fan-out) 56 needed in full system First module under test Boundary scan very useful Firmware tested in several ways Hardware so far a success September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status Other UK modules Common Merger Module under test… With first of three required firmware versions Readout Driver (ROD) under test for more than one year Also carried out integration tests with RoIB at CERN Several Timing Control Modules exist and are already in use Further standalone test modules also in use September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

Status of Hardware outside the UK Stockholm: Four custom backplanes built, two already in use (1150 pins per slot) Some connectivity tested Mainz: Nearly full specification Jet/Energy Module in existence for some time Heidelberg: Pre-processor Module still to be built, but crucial Multi-Chip Module under test. Contains: 4 FADCs 1 ASIC (now only ASIC in system) 3 LVDS serialisers 70mm September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

Firmware, online and offline software Firmware – closer to software or hardware? FPGAs have improved flexibility, functionality New algorithms ‘One size fits all’ However, require extended development time Many different firmware loads necessary Firmware development cycle more similar to software New tools and skills required for testing/debugging Request for more TD effort Time profile extended Online Software Ambitious programme - prototype of ‘final’ software Diagnostic package – HDMC Detailed problem analysis Calibration Integration with standard ATLAS Online packages and ROS Software currently lags behind hardware Shortage of effort Offline Software New ATHENA based simulation is almost complete September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status Plans and Milestones All modules currently in stand-alone test programme Next step - integrate modules to test communication (subsystem tests) When subsystems understood, proceed to Slice Test Complete cross-section through trigger system (including CTPD) Vital programme of system-wide integration and testing Start subsystem tests (Oct2002) Start slice tests (Mar 2003) Finish slice tests (Dec 2003) Final reviews (early 2004) Module production (mid 2004) Full system tests (Oct 2004) Finish test programme (Oct 2005) Trigger available in situ (Aug 2006) Future Milestone Highlights: September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

Plan for 2003 Slice Test with full specification modules All coloured modules are UK responsibility September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status

PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status Conclusions Much progress since last report Currently testing full specification modules Shown that necessary module complexity and connectivity is feasible Ambitious test programme beginning On completion, final module production can start Schedule slippage problems Mostly due to firmware/software effort shortage With sufficient resources we are confident of project completion on schedule September 30th, 2002 PPRP - ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Status