Engineering Surveying Civil Engineering & Architecture Unit 4 Site Planning
Civil Projects
Telescoping Leveling Rods Philadelphia Rod
Reading the Rod 3.09 feet 2.90 feet 2.84 feet
Reading the Rod Your Turn 4.68 feet 4.49 feet 4.26 feet
Instruments Transit Auto Level Total Station
Tripod
Auto Level
Set up and Stabilize Tripod
Attach Instrument to Tripod
Leveling the Instrument
Sighting the Instrument
Stadia and Crosshairs Top Stadia Bottom Stadia
Surveyor’s Field Notes
Taking Readings Have Assistant hold the rod vertically Focus the Eyepiece Stadia over the Rod Markings Take readings at the Top and the Bottom Stadias and the Crosshair. Record data in Surveyor’s Field Book Top Stadia Bottom Stadia
Terms 1 Benchmark (BM): a permanent, marked point of known elevation Temporary Benchmark (TBM): a semi- permanent point of established elevation used on the specific job Point of Reference (POR): Either the benchmark or the Temporary Benchmark chosen for this job
Terms 2 Turning Point (TP): A point temporarily used to transfer an elevation Backsight (BS): A rod reading taken on a point of elevation (POR) in order to establish the height of the instrument Height of Instrument (HI): The elevation of the line of sight through the level
Terms 3 Foresight (FS): A rod reading taken from a turning point, or a point of reference to an identified point to establish elevation
Approximating Angles
Record Keeping
Data Record
Calculating Elevations Mathematical Relationships for Elevation: HI = BS + Elevation at POR Elevation TP 1 = HI - FS
Calculating Elevations
Horizontal Distance Using Stadia ONLY AN APPROXIMATION! Horizontal distance = (Top Stadia – Bottom Stadia) x Stadia Ratio Horizontal Distance Using Stadia Distance from POR to TP = (8.50-7.92) x 100 = 58 ft Distance from TP to TP1 = (10.77-10.13)x100 = 64 ft