Drill How has the periodic table evolved over time? What are most of the elements on the periodic table?

Objective SWBAT: Explore periodic properties in order to investigate the periodic variation of density in Group 4A elements.

SAT/HSA Enrichment The total number of d orbitals in the third principal energy level is… 1 orbital 2 orbitals 3 orbitals 5 orbitals 14 orbitals

Demonstration Place a small piece of metal in a beaker of water containing phenolphthalein. Place a different piece of metal of similar size in a second beaker of water containing phenolphthalein.

Demo Observation Observe the differences in the two reactions. These two metals are located near each other on the periodic table. Relationships in location can be predicted based on chemical properties.

Classifying the Elements Similarity and Differences of Elements

Classifying the Elements A coin may contain much information in a small space—its value, the year it was minted, and its country of origin. Each square in a periodic table also contains information. You will learn what types of information are usually listed in a periodic table.

Squares in the Periodic Table The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms.

Squares in the Periodic Table The background colors in the squares are used to distinguish groups of elements. The Group 1A elements are called alkali metals. The Group 2A elements are called alkaline earth metals. The nonmetals of Group 7A are called halogens.

Squares in the Periodic Table

Electron Configurations in Groups Elements can be sorted into noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations.

Electron Configurations in Groups The blimp contains helium, one of the noble gases.

Electron Configurations in Groups The Noble Gases The noble gases are the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table. The electron configurations for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are listed below.

Electron Configurations in Groups The Representative Elements Elements in groups 1A through 7A are often referred to as representative elements because they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. The s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled. The group number equals the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

Electron Configurations in Groups In atoms of the Group 1A elements below, there is only one electron in the highest occupied energy level.

Electron Configurations in Groups In atoms of the Group 4A elements below, there are four electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

Representative Elements

Representative Elements

Representative Elements

Transition Elements There are two types of transition elements—transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations.

Transition Elements In atoms of a transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons. In atoms of an inner transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons.

Transition Elements Blocks of Elements

Conceptual Problem

Conceptual Problem

Conceptual Problem

Short Quiz Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table? color symbol atomic number atomic mass

Short Quiz An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy level an s2 electron. an s1 electron. p2 electrons. p6 electrons.

Short Quiz Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled? Ne, noble gas Cu, transition metal Ga, transition metal Cl, halogen

Short Quiz Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative elements because they have electrons in which suborbitals? P d s f

Lab 50 min Periodic Properties Purpose: To investigate the periodic variation of density in Group 4A elements. 50 min

Summary Was the objective accomplished? Explain. What trend did you observe during your lab experiment? How accurate was your experiment? What may have been some sources of error?

Homework Information from the Periodic Table worksheet!