Age of Enlightenment Mr. Epps World History Chapter 17 SSWH13 Pages 476-477, 545-551, 576 Mr. Epps World History Chapter 17 SSWH13

Key Elements War constantly between religious groups (Protestant vs. Catholic) Ideas were either approved or denied by hierarchy thus forming philosophical differences in given European countries Page 576

Key Elements A philosophical movement in 18th Century Europe that fostered a belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior Scientific discoveries continued to challenge the thinking of society A movement of a few individuals who had their works burned frequently and some put to exile

Thomas Hobbes England: to save people from destroying themselves, a state must be formed (Leviathan) People in a state agree to be ruled by an absolute ruler with unlimited power to suppress rebellions Needed in order to keep order in society Pages 476-477

Leviathan

John Locke and “Natural Rights” 1690: Two Treatises of Government Very radical for the times, argued against absolutism of one ruler Wanted government of many people to run the state and to protect its people Pages 546-547

John Locke and “Natural Rights” Believed that humans were peaceful before societal rule and that every person had “natural rights.”; born with “tabula rasa,” a clean slate “life, liberty, & property” If government broke these rights, people can remove the government to form a new one Pages 546-547

Philosophers Montesquieu: Developed “separation of powers” (legislative, judicial, executive”; system of checks and balances Voltaire: believed in deism, that God created the universe and left it alone to run itself like a clock questioned the relevance of the bible and the church in daily life admired England and its toleration of the arts and sciences Pages 548-549

Philosophers Jean- Jacques Rousseau his “social contract” theory showed that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will; not fond of children and women’s rights; own children put in orphanages blamed evil in the world on uneven property distribution humans are essentially good but are corrupted as they live in this world society is the source of evil Pages 550-551