SOL Review
Bio.1 Scientific Method
Bio.1: Hypothesis: An “If …… then…” statement
Variables
Bio.2 Water: A polar molecule
Properties of water High specific heat - water resists changes in temperature Important to maintain body temperatures and cell temperatures Climates with water like lake and ocean areas don’t vary as much in temperature Cohesion – water molecules stick together because of their polarity Makes surface tension, streams of water, beads of water Adhesion – attraction of molecules to different substances Water molecules stick to other things, like in xylem of plants
Enzymes: Biological catalysts Get chemical reactions started with less energy needed Lower the activation energy of a reaction
Bio.2 Biochemistry: ATP/ADP Cycle
Bio.2 Biochemistry: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis uses blue and red wavelengths of light
6CO2 + 6H20 C6H12O6 + 6O2
Bio.2: Cell Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 Makes 36-38 ATP
Bio.3 Cells Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
Bio.3: Cell Membranes
Animal and Plant Cells
Bio.3: Surface Area vs Volume
Passive processes (no energy needed) Diffusion: movement of molecules from greater concentrations to lesser concentrations Osmosis: movement of WATER molecules across a membrane from greater to lesser concentrations Isotonic: the solutions on either side of the membrane are the same, so there is equal flow of water molecules Hypotonic : the solution has a lower concentration of solute molecules than the cell does Hypertonic: the solution has a higher concentration of solute molecules than the cell
Facilitated Diffusion - diffusion of molecules across a membrane using transport proteins
Active Transport (uses energy) Endocytosis : taking in liquids or large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane
Exocytosis: release of substance by a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane
Bio.5 Mechanisms of Inheritance and protein Synthesis: Cell Cycle
Bio.5 Mechanisms of Inheritance and protein Synthesis: Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Gamete Formation: Meiosis
Cell Specialization
Protostomes: mouth forms first earthworms, mollusks like clams, oysters Deuterostomes: anus forms first and mouth second Echinoderms and chordates
Monohybrid Cross Two tomatoes heterozygous for tall plants are crossed. Show the results with a Punnett square. List the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Tallness is dominant, dwarfism is recessive.
Dihybrid Cross Two tomato plants heterozygous for tallness and red color (yellow is recessive)are crossed. Show the Punnett square results. What fraction would be homozygous dominant? What are the overall phenotypic ratios?
Watson and Crick Rosalind Franklin
DNA
Chromosome Structure
Chromosomal Mutations
Making Recombinant DNA
Bio.6 Modern Classification systems Most general to most specific Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, Species 3 Domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Bio.7 Evolution and Change in Populations over TIME Fossil Record Evidence
Reproductive Strategies
Speciation
Adaptations : Homologous and Analogous
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Phylogenetic Tree
Bio.8 Ecology
Limiting Factor What you run out of… Food Water Nesting space Build up of wastes
“Boom or Bust” Population Curve
Nitrogen Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
Niche Partitioning
Competitive Exclusion
Cloning
Biomagnification
Viruses
Protists Euglena
Fungi Fruiting Body Mycelia (made of hyphae)
Plants
Phototropism Thigmotropism Gavitropism
Animal Symmetry
A scientist is studying diseases caused by mosquitos A scientist is studying diseases caused by mosquitos. Which of the following sources would be appropriate to use for research? Bluefield Daily Telegraph Journal of Tropical Diseases The American Medical Association Journal Yahoo .com Centers for Disease Control (CDC)website
Differentiate among Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
Different metabolic activities of the Domains
DNA: Replication
Protein Synthesis:
Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation
Translation: mRNA codons to amino acids
Calculating fossil ages using half-life