The Columbian Exchange Two Worlds Meet

The Columbian Exchange Voyages launched large-scale contact between Europe, Africa and The Americas. Interaction with Native Americans led to sweeping cultural changes. Contact between the two groups led to the widespread exchange of plants, animals, peoples and disease—the Columbian Exchange. Plants, animals developed in very different ways in hemispheres Europeans—no potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes, turkeys People in Americas—no coffee, oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, cattle The Exchange of Goods Arrival of Europeans in Americas changed all this Previously unknown foods taken back to Europe Familiar foods brought to Americas by colonists Sharing Discoveries The introduction of beasts of burden to the Americas was a significant development from the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of the horse provided people in the Americas with a new source of labor and transportation.

New plants to the “Old World” Potato Corn Tomato Sweet Potato Cacao (Cocoa) Pineapples Pumpkins Tobacco **The Europeans loved the Tobacco Notice Italy did NOT have tomatoes until the Columbian Exchange.

“Old World” Diseases Smallpox Measles Diphteria Chicken Pox Bubonic Plague Influenza Cholera Malaria Small pox-trunk of victim *Infecting many Native Americans Bubonic Plague Victim

What the “New World” brought to Europe Syphilis Hepatitis Polio Tuberculosis Polio-deformed legs Lung of victim: Tuberculosis

Mercantilism New Economic Policy Intense Competition Founding of colonies, new goods in Europe led to significant changes 1500s, Europeans developed new economic policy, mercantilism Nation’s strength depended on its wealth Wealthy nation had power for military and expanded influence New Economic Policy Wealth measured by amount of gold, silver possessed by nation Mercantilists believed there was fixed amount of wealth in world For one nation to become wealthier, more powerful—had to take wealth, power away from another nation Mercantilism led to intense competition between nations Intense Competition

Controlling Sources Nation that controlled own sources would not need to import from competing nations Why important Country did not need to spend own money to obtain raw materials Foreign countries considered rivals, might become active enemy, cut off supply of raw materials European nations worked to become more self-sufficient Nations began to establish colonies

Cultural Diffusion The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another. Cultural diffusion occurs through migration, trade and welfare.

Columbian Exchange Immediate Causes: Long Term Causes: Immediate Effects: Long Term Effects:

What were two lasting effects of the Columbian Exchange? Find the Main Idea What were two lasting effects of the Columbian Exchange? Answer(s): possible answers—changes in cuisine, changes in crops grown around the world, epidemics

Europeans arrive in the Americas Immediate Causes: Europeans arrive in the Americas Europeans bring new plants, animals and diseases to the Americas Long Term Causes: God Gold Glory Columbian Exchange Immediate Effects: Spanish conquer Aztecs and Incas Native Americans die of European diseases Enslaved Africans are brought to the Americas American foods are introduced to other parts of the world Long Term Effects: Spread of products all around the world Population growth in Europe, Asia, and Africa Cultural diffusion Migration from Europe to the Americas Growth of Capitalism

According to the diagram, the diet of western Europeans changed because of— (a )new technologies in food packaging (b) the development of new breeds of livestock (c) the use of the first food preservatives (d) the introduction of new foods from the Americas

Immigration

Building colonial empires essential to mercantilist system Colonies Building colonial empires essential to mercantilist system European powers wanted to establish colonies To control sources of raw materials To provide new markets for manufactured goods To mercantilist, colonies existed only to benefit home country Colonies Monarchs restricted economic activities in colonies Colonists could not sell raw materials to other countries Could not buy manufactured goods from other nations Strict laws forbade colonies from manufacturing goods Forced to buy only from home country Strict Laws

Impact on Society Many Changes Rural Life Changes taking place because of colonization Had impact on European societies Towns cities grew as business activity increased New class of wealthier merchants emerged, began to wield more power in their towns Many Changes Impact of colonization not felt throughout society Rural life continued as it had for centuries Generations would pass before many began to grow new foods from Americas Most people remained poor Rural Life