Citizen Airmen: The Total Force

Overview The Total Force Reserve Categories Structure and Organization Accessibility

Total Force Defined “The organizations, units and individuals that provide the capabilities to support the Department of Defense in implementing the national security strategy” Air Force Doctrine Volume II – Leadership

Elements of the Total Force Regular Air Force Air National Guard Air Force Reserves Air Force Civilians Contractor Staff / Host-nation Support Civil Air Patrol

Policy Evolved as official policy in 1970s Aug 1970—The Total Force Concept was announced by Secretary of Defense Laird Aug 1973—SECDEF James Schlesinger elevated the Total Force Concept to the Total Force Policy Objective: Integrate Active and Reserve forces in the most cost-effective manner possible maintain as small an active peacetime force as commitments permit.

Force Modernization Improved the equipment to state of the art during the 1980s “First to deploy, first to be equipped.” - DOD Directive 1225.6

Reserve Categories Ready Reserve – Made up of 3 sub-groups Selected Reserve Individual Ready Reserve Inactive National Guard Standby Reserve Retired Reserve

Selected Reserve Units and individuals designated as essential to wartime missions and prepared for active duty with 72hr notice Have priority for training, equipment, and personnel Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMAs) Air Force Reserve category only Not attached to an organized Reserve unit Assigned to active duty components * Selected Reserve part of Ready Reserve

Individual Ready Reserve Pool of pre-trained individuals who: Served in Active units or Selected Reserve Have military service obligation (MSO) remaining About 45,000 Guard and Reserve personnel Eligible for involuntary service * Individual Ready Reserve is part of Ready Reserve

Inactive National Guard Do not train Are not attached to active units

Standby Reserve Reservist who maintain their military affiliation in one of two statuses and have key federal or state jobs that are crucial to national security (also defense industry) Active status: Voluntarily participate in training for retirement but receive no pay. Eligible for promotion. Inactive status: Not authorized to participate in for retirement points and cannot be promoted. Often hardship or health issues but maintain military status because of skills the military may need in the future. They are subject recall only under full mobilization.

Retired Reserve Personnel who receive retired pay (AD/Reserve) or are placed in retirement status but have not yet reached age 60 All may be recalled to active duty by the appropriate service Secretary

Organization and Structure Air National Guard Dual Mission State Protect Life and Property Peace and Order Civil Defense Federal Support USAF Missions Train for Wartime

ANG Non-Federalized (State) Chain of Command President Secretary of Defense Secretary of the Army Chief of Staff State Governor State Adjutant General State Guard Units Secretary of the AF National Guard Bureau Director, ANG Director, ARNG ANG Federalized Chain of Command ANG Non-Federalized (State) Chain of Command

Duty Status Comparison   State Active Duty Title 32 USC Title 10 USC Command & Control Governor President Where IAW State Law CONUS Worldwide Pay State Federal Mission Types IAW State Law (Riot Control, Emergency Response, etc.) Training and other federally authorized purposes Overseas training and as assigned after mobilization Discipline State Military Code UCMJ Support Law Enforcement Yes No •

National Guard Personnel Three general categories Drill Status (traditional) Guardsmen Technicians Active duty Guard/Reserve personnel

Air Force Reserves Secretary of the Air Force Chief of Staff, Air Force Commander, Air Force Reserve Command Air Reserve Personnel Center Denver, Colorado http://www.afrc.af.mil/missionbrf/AFRC%20BRIEF%201104.ppt#42 4th Air Force March Air Reserve Base, California 10th Air Force Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base, Texas 22d Air Force Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia

Accessibility Full mobilization Partial mobilization Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up Volunteers

Full Mobilization Gives access to the full Reserves Requires a declaration of war by Congress or designation of national emergency Duration of Conflict plus 6 months

Partial Mobilization 1,000,000 members of the Ready Reserve Up to 24 months President must declare a national emergency

Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up Up to 200,000 personnel Up to 270 days President must notify Congress

Volunteers Provide the majority of personnel in times of war and peace George Washington Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe William H. Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Franklin Pierce Andrew Jackson Abraham Lincoln James Buchanan Ulysses Simpson Grant Rutherford Birchard Hayes Chester Alan Arthur James Abram Garfield Benjamin Harrison William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt Harry S. Truman George W. Bush 20 Presidents Interesting to note that 20 Presidents have served As Militia men