Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs Classification Brand names Mechanism of action Major side effects

Sulfonyl Ureas Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide Glibenclamide,Glipizide,Gliclazide, Glimepride Brand Names Glibenclamide:- Daonil, Glynase, Melix, Glibil, Glitizol etc.

Sulfonyl Ureas Glipizide:- Minidiab Glicazide:- Diamicron, Glyzide Glimepride:- Amaryl Mechanism of action Stimulate the beta cells to produce insulin Major side effects Hypoglycemia, Diarrhea, Head ache, Nausea , Vomiting, Hypersensitivity etc.

Biguanides Phenformin Metformin :- Glucophage Dimet, Dialon Omformin etc. Mechanism of action Suppress Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Decrease Intestinal absorption of glucose Peripheral utilization of glucose-increasing Major side effects Abdominal pain, Anorexia , Flatulence, metallic taste, Lactic acidosis etc.

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors Acarbose :-Glucobay Interferes the digestion of carbohydrate. Side effects are same as biguanides

Meglitinide analogues Repaglanide :- Novonorm Nateglinide control of postprandial hyperglycemia Thiazolidinediones Rosiglitazone:- Avandia Pioglitazone:- Actos Selective agonists for the PPAR-g( Nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) = transcription of insulin responsive genes, reduce peripheral insulin resistance

Newer Drugs Saxagliptin Sitagliptin Vildagliptin:- Galvus It inhibits dipeptidylpeptidase-4 enzyme more insulin secretion&reduction in glucagon secretion Exenatide Liraglutide Activates GLP-1receptors