Nuclear Stability Nuclear Changes Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Stability Nuclear Changes

Nuclear Forces Forces that hold the neutrons and protons together in the nucleus. Nucleons: Combined term to represent the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.

Nuclide expression

Quarks The particles that make up protons and neutrons Described in 6 flavors Up Down top Bottom Charm strange Only the up and down quarks make up the protons and neutrons Protons: 2 up quarks 1 down quark Neutrons 1 up quark 2 down quarks

Predicting Nuclear Stability Nuclear binding energy: Energy released when nucleons combine to form a nucleus separate nucleons  nucleus + energy The mass of any atom is less than the combined masses of its separated parts. This difference in mass is known as the also called mass deflect.

Mass Deflect The equation E = mc2 shows energy can be converted into mass, and mass can be converted into energy. A small quantity of mass is converted into an enormous quantity of energy when a nucleus forms.

Nuclear Change Radioactivity Types of Particles released The release of particles, or waves during the change from an unstable nuclei to a stable one Types of Particles released Alpha Beta Gamma Video

Nuclear Particles

Beta decay A neutron in an unstable nucleus may emit a high-energy electron, called a beta particle ( particle), and change to a proton. The mass number does not change because the total number of nucleons does not change

Radioactive Decay Rules for radioactive decay Gamma: Release of a gamma ray Alpha: Release of an alpha particle

Nuclear Fission The splitting of a very heavy nucleus into 2 smaller atoms Chain reaction The continuation of nuclei breaking down from the products of other fission A minimum quantity of radioactive material, called critical mass, is needed to keep a chain reaction going.

Nuclear Fusion video when small nuclei combine, or fuse, to form a larger, more stable nucleus In the sun, hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a single nucleus

Assignment Complete the Isotopes Worksheet Work on Nuclear reactions worksheet