Review of Inorganic Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Review of Inorganic Chemistry

Section 1: Composition of Matter

Atomic Structure p+ n0 e- Nucleus Electron Cloud

C Atomic Structure 6 Carbon 12.011 Atomic Number = protons/electrons Atomic Mass = protons + neutrons

Atomic Structure Properties of Subatomic Particles Useful Equations: protons = atomic # electrons = atomic # neutrons = atomic mass - atomic #

Atomic Structure Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Helium

Elements 92 elements occur in nature CHNOPS are the six biologically important atoms that make up 99% of living tissue

Isotopes Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain. Nonradioactive carbon-12 Nonradioactive carbon-13 Radioactive carbon-14 6 electrons 6 protons 6 neutrons 8 neutrons 7 neutrons

Isotopes

Ionic Bonding An ionic bond is a bond formed by the electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions.

Ionic Bonding Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (Cl) Sodium ion (Na+) Chloride ion (Cl-) Transfer of electron Protons +11 Electrons -11 Charge 0 Protons +17 Electrons -17 Electrons -10 Charge +1 Electrons -18 Charge -1

Ionic Bonding

Covalent Bonding A covalent bond is a bond that forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Covalent Bonding

Section 2: Mixtures

Mixtures Substances in a mixture retain their original properties. There are two types of mixtures:

Solutions Solutions are a type of homogeneous mixture. A solute is dissolved into solvent to make a solution.

Saturated Solutions

Suspension Particles in suspensions settle out over time because they are large.

Colloids Particles in a colloid are intermediate in size, but do not settle out over time. Colloid Solution

Acids & Bases H2O  H+ + OH- H2O + H+  H3O+ Acids contain more H3O+ than OH- Bases contain more OH- than H3O+ Neutral Solutions: [H3O+] = [OH-]

pH

pH

pH Scale

Section 3: Energy

Chemical Reactions Reactants  Products

Types of Chemical Reactions Synthesis Decomposition Exchange

Energy & Chemical Reactions Products Activation energy Reactants Products Activation energy Reactants Endothermic Reaction Exothermic Reaction

Energy & Chemical Reactions Endothermic Reaction Exothermic Reaction

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