Gemstones and Crystals Carley Nuzzo and Brad Henning November 26, 2013

3 TYPES OF ROCK Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

Igneous Covers 1/3 of Earths surface Intrusive Example - Granite Extrusive Example - Volcanic Rock Example - Obsidian Rock

Stonehenge: Dolerite “Blue Stones” (Igneous)

Mount Rushmore – Granite (Igneous)

Sedimentary 80% to 90% of Rock on Earth’s Surface Created by Deposits on Earth Surface From Wind, Water or Ice Created From Decaying Materials Example – Coal and Fossils

Painted Desert - Sandstone

Metamorphic Created when Existing Rocks are subjected to pressure or temperature changes: Dynamic Pressure Thermal Pressure Regional Change

Dynamic Pressure – Folded Rock, Ireland

Thermal Pressure – Salisbury Crag, Scotland

Regional Change – Mountain Ranges

Sedimentary Rock to Metamorphic Rock - Marble

Minerals Materials From Which Rocks are Made Includes metalliferous ores, such as gold, silver, lead, copper and titanium

Crystals Are Minerals and/or Rocks at Various Points in the Formation Usually Polished or Cut

Gemstones Any mineral that is highly prized for it’s beauty, durability and rarity. Altered Shape by Cutting and Polishing

Example: Hope Diamond

Example: Queen Elizabeth's Crown

Example: Cambridge Lovers Knot Tiara

Example: Native American Jewellery-Turquoise and Silver

Example: Egyptian Jewellery- Lapis Lazuli