Questionnaire on Clinical Pharmacology Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme

1. Is there a clear definition of clinical pharmacology in your country? Yes: 22 No: 5 a. As a scientific discipline? Yes: 20 No: 7 b. As an academic discipline in teaching and research? Yes: 24 No: 3 c. As a medical specialty with defined functions in patient care? Yes: 17 No: 10 2. Is clinical pharmacology recognized as a medical specialty by your government? Yes: 21 No: 6 (Belgium, Estonia, France, Greece, Lithuania, Turkey) Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme

2a. If the specialty of Clinical Pharmacology is recognized by your country as a separate medical specialty, how long ago was it recognized? ≥ 40 years: Finland, Germany ≥ 30 years: Croatia, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden > 20 years: Bosnia Herzegovina, Hungary, Norway, Spain, UK > 15 years: Austria, Denmark 5-15 years: Bulgaria, Israel, Romania, Russia, Switzerland 3-5 years: Italy Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme

Predominantly internal medicine 2b. Requirements of training in terms of year after internship? Number of years in clinical pharmacology? Number of years in other specialties? Which one(s)? Predominantly internal medicine Austria 6 vs 3 years; Hungary 4 vs 2 years; Czech Republ. 5 vs 2 years; Israel 4 vs 2.5 years; Estonia 3 vs 1 year; Slovakia 3 vs 2 years; France 3 vs 1 year; The Netherlands 4 vs 1.5 years Predominantly clinical pharmacology Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Romania, Spain, Sweden Dual pharmacological and clinical training Finland, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland, UK Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme

3. Is clinical pharmacology recognized as a separate medical specialty by any other authority in your country? Yes: 12 No: 8 4. Are other professional groups (such as pharmacists) recognized as clinical pharmacologists? Yes: 5 No: 16 6. What is the number of positions in clinical pharmacology in your country (only MD:s should be counted)? < 10 10-20 30-50 50-100 100-300 1000 5 4 3 7 4 1 Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme

7. What is the approximate number of clinical pharmacologists per million inhabitants? <1 Belgium, Bulgaria, Greece, Lithuania, Turkey 1-5 Austria, Bosnia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Romania, UK 5-10 Croatia, Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland > 10 Hungary, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme

Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme Number of Clin pharmacologists/million habitants Brown < 1 Yellow 1-5 Purple 5-10 Red > 10 Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme

8. Describe the functions of MD clinical pharmacologists in health care – drug related problems: Drug problem oriented consultations 21 Clinical trials 19 TDM 19 DTC 14 Drug information services 13 ADR clinic 11 Pharmacogenetic consultations 9 Pharmacoepidemiology and drug utilization 7 Pharmacovigilance 8 Ethics committee 5 Pharmacoeconomy 4 Pharmacotherapy in pregnancy 3 Drug intoxications 4 Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme