September 29, 2015 Journal: What do you know about cells?

The basic unit of all living things! Cells The basic unit of all living things!

Theory – well tested hypothesis. Cell Theory Theory – well tested hypothesis. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. New cells come from existing cells.

Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells Small, single cell organisms Simple No nucleus Lived on earth for 2.5 billion years Were the only organisms for millions of years

Eukaryotic cells Single or Multicellular Complex Have specialized organelles including a nucleus First appeared 1.5 billion years ago

2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells 1. Single Celled – 1 cell (volvox, euglena and paramecium)

2. Multicellular – many cells (plants and animals)

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cell Organelles

Function – protection & controls what enters and leaves cell. Cell Membrane Function – protection & controls what enters and leaves cell.

Function – holds all organelles and nutrients. Cytoplasm Function – holds all organelles and nutrients.

Function – supports cell, and helps it move Cytoskeleton Function – supports cell, and helps it move

Function – control center of the cell, holds DNA Nucleus Function – control center of the cell, holds DNA

Function – makes proteins Ribosome Function – makes proteins

Function – holds Ribosomes and modifies proteins Rough ER Function – holds Ribosomes and modifies proteins

Function – makes lipids Smooth ER Function – makes lipids

Function – packages proteins and ships them out. Golgi Apparatus Function – packages proteins and ships them out.

Mitochondria Function – power house of the cell that breaks down food and turns it into energy

Function – storage unit Vacuole Function – storage unit

Animal Cells Only Function – cleans up waste and eats foreign invaders Lysosomes Function – cleans up waste and eats foreign invaders

Plant Cells Only Chloroplast Function – makes food (sugars)

Function – protection and support Cell Wall Function – protection and support

Name That Image

RBC capillary

hair

Flies foot

ant

Microscopes Instrument that magnifies images that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Focuses beams of electrons over an object to produce an image. Electron Microscope Focuses beams of electrons over an object to produce an image.

How are these pictures possible?

Light Microscope Passes light rays through an object, and up through a lens to form an image.

January 8, 2014 Journal: What is the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

Parts of a Light Microscope

Eyepiece The part you look in Magnification is 10x Contains the ocular lens

Nosepiece Holds the high and lower power objective lenses Can be rotated to change magnification

Objective Lenses Low Power - 4x magnification Always start and end on low power! Medium Power - 10x magnification High Power - 40x magnification

Stageclips Holds the slide in place

Stage Supports the slide being viewed

Light source Projects light upwards through the diaphragm , the specimen, and the lenses

Base Supports the microscope

Diaphragm Regulates the amount of light on the specimen

Focus Knobs Fine Adjustment Knob Coarse Adjustment Knob Moves the stage slightly to sharpen the image Coarse Adjustment Knob Moves the stage up and down for focusing Only to be used on low and medium power

Arm Used to support the microscope when carried

What happens as the power of magnification increases? Low Power = 10 x 4 =40x Medium Power = 10 x 10 = 100x High Power = 10 x 40 = 400x

General Rules As always, no eating or drinking in the lab. Make sure all backpacks are underneath a desk or table. Be careful with the lab equipment!

When carrying your microscope… Carry it with one hand on the arm and one hand on the base Carry it close to your body

Once your microscope is turned on… Place your slide on the stage with the specimen lined up in the middle Make sure you are on low power Use the coarse focus knob to focus Use your fine focus knob to make finer adjustments Switch to higher power if necessary NEVER USE THE COARSE FOCUS KNOB ON HIGH POWER OR OIL EMMERSION

When its time to clean up… Make sure your microscope is on low power Turn off and unplug your microscope Return your slides to the proper place Cover your microscope Return your microscope to the cabinet where you found it