Progressivism
Why Now? No more American frontier Technological Advances Urbanization 1890 Census Frederick Jackson Turner The Significance of the Frontier in American History (1893) The frontier had shaped American character Technological Advances Printing and Photography made issues easier to document and share Urbanization
1890 US Census Map
Four Goals Promoting Social Welfare Promoting Moral Improvement Creating Economic Reform Fostering Efficiency
Promoting Social Welfare Social Gospel Movement Salvation Army Florence Kelley Chief inspector of factories in Illinois Pushed for the Illinois Factory Act in 1893 Limited women’s working hours and eliminated child labor
Promoting Moral Improvement Prohibition Temperance Movement 18th Amendment (1919) Anti-Saloon League
Creating Economic Reform Panic of 1893 Corruption in RR’s Concern over tariffs 15,000 businesses & 500 banks collapsed Socialism Muckrakers Journalists who exposed corruption in businesses and society Ida M. Tarbell Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives Unions
Fostering Efficiency Social Jurisprudence Scientific Management Justice Louis Brandeis Scientific Management Fredrick Winslow Taylor Improved factory efficiency
Robert La Follete (R, P) Wisconsin Governor (1901-1906) Senator (1906-1925) Champion of Progressive Movement Wanted corporations out of government Target and regulate RR’s Wisconsin Idea Primaries, workers comp, direct election of U.S. Senators, progressive income tax Anti-WWI Runs for President 1924 (Progressive Party) 17% of the vote
Robert La Follete
Labor Reform Many immigrant children sent to work National Child Labor Committee (1904) Keating-Owen Act (1916) Prohibited transportation of goods across two states that were made using child labor Muller v. Oregon (1908), Bunting v. Oregon (1917) 10 hour work day Workers compensation
Child Labor
Election Reform Oregon adopts secret ballot Primary System Adds initiative, referendum, and recall 20 states adopt these by 1920 Primary System Allowed the citizens to choose candidates for public office 2/3 of the nation has a primary system by 1915 17th Amendment (1913) Direct election of U.S. Senators by the people
Women in Progressivism
Working Women 1 in 5 women had jobs Farm Industry Working in homes 25% of working women are in manufacturing Paid lower wages Office jobs Working in homes Cleaned homes for other families
Changes for Women Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911) Education Reform 146 workers killed Education Vassar College (1865) Smith College, Wellesley College Reform National Association of Colored Women (NACW) Susan B. Anthony National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Suffrage Strategy Gain voting rights through state legislation Wyoming (1869), Utah/Colorado/Idaho (1890s) Court Cases Challenge the 14th Amendment Amend the US Constitution Elizabeth Cady Stanton 19th Amendment (1920)