Gert-Jan Monteny (WUR-ASG); e-mail: gert-jan.monteny@wur.nl Integrated measures in agriculture to reduce ammonia emissions (with emphasis on IPPC threshold evaluation) Contract No 070501/2005/422822/MAR/C1 22/11/2018 Alterra, EuroCare, ASG Presentation: Gert-Jan Monteny (WUR-ASG); e-mail: gert-jan.monteny@wur.nl Rather technical part of the presentation, but we hope MS / participants will realise how important it is to provide data in special formats and data of good quality. .

Set up of presentation Thematic Strategy on air pollution; problem of ammonia emissions Overview of the Service Contract IPPC Assessment on intensive livestock farming Key Issues Methodology Next steps

Thematic Strategy on Air pollution and ammonia 22/11/2018 Communication adopted in September 2005: NH3: 2020 27% lower than 2000 level Integration of instruments, notably those who reduce the excessive use of N (and N losses; N-cycle) Revision of NEC Evaluation of IPPC thresholds for pigs and poultry, and assessment of possible inclusion of cattle rearing New Rural Development rules, measures to reduce NH3 emissions will become eligible The Thematic Strategy on air pollution has recently been adopted by the Commission (Sept 2005). It fixes a framework for future European actions to reduce air pollution. It has « translated » the global objectives of the 6th Environmental Action Programme into quantified targets notably for what concerns environmental and health objectives, related emissions reduction needed and air quality targets. The CAFE programme was set up to support the thematic strategy and included various activities such as integrated assessment modelling (using the RAINS model developped by IIASA and which will be presented here by M Klimont from IIASA), ex-post evaluation of European policies, in depth health impact review achieved by the World Health Organisation. It was accompanied by an in depth stakeholder consultation.

Ammonia emissions: main impacts 22/11/2018 NOx NH3 Agriculture Industry Transport Households N- deposition Acidification Eutrophication Cultural heritage Biodiversity Ecosystems Secondary Particulate matter Water and soil pollution Health Impact What are the main impacts of these ammonia emissions ? Ammonia emissions are contributing to: - Eutrophication and acidification of the ecosystems : once emitted, ammonia comes back on earth in the form of acid and nitrogen deposition endangering biodiversity and ecosystems - The formation of particulate matter (so called « secondary particulate matters ») of small size (PM 2.5) having a large impact on health

Fractional contribution of primary pollutants to the effects in 2020 22/11/2018 In 2020, as to compare to the other pollutants, the relative contribution of ammonia to eutrophication (around 70%), acidification (about 40%) and formation of particulate matters (40%) is increasing. This is due to the fact that important emission reduction are expected for the other pollutants. This shows clearly the relevance of taking further actions to reduce ammonia emissions. The next slides are another illustration of this phenomenon… Clean Air for Europe

Ammonia emissons in Europe 7.5 Mton for Europe - 1990 6.5 Mton for Europe - 2000 4 Mton for EU25 – 2000 3 Mton for EU25 in 2020 (-27%) 80% from agriculture (50/50 pigs and poultry/cattle) Largest single source: manure application on grassland and arable land (estimate: 55%) Second largest single source: housing (30%) ‘Minor sources’: grazing, outside storage of manure (15%)

Overall objectives of the project 22/11/2018 ….to define the most appropriate integrated and consistent actions to reduce environmental impacts from agriculture… So, the key approach is to: Identify/promote all measures reducing N excess in agriculture (animal feeding, N fertiliser), and ensure consistency between various instruments The model is based on the model presented by JRC Modifications: Fieldnames more consistant Simplifications: no tables with statistics (e.g. Trends), all measurements in one table We make use of 1 Unique code for each monitoring station Country code- Nuts code- nat station ID:

Description of main tasks of the project 22/11/2018 Develop an integrated approach Analysis of International and European Instruments In depth assessment of the most promising measures Impact assessment of a possible modification of the IPPC directive Stakeholder consultation, presentations, workshop The model is based on the model presented by JRC Modifications: Fieldnames more consistant Simplifications: no tables with statistics (e.g. Trends), all measurements in one table We make use of 1 Unique code for each monitoring station Country code- Nuts code- nat station ID:

Assessment of possible modifications of IPPC Why ? IPPC is a key directive to regulate intensive livestock IPPC is an important tool to achieve health and environment related objectives of TS IPPC is based on “integrated approach” and concerns largest Installations So Evaluate the most cost-effective options for IPPC scope (review of current pigs and poultry thresholds, and possible inclusion of cattle rearing) Assess the environmental (NH3 and other impacts), economic and social impacts of various options

IPPC for intensive rearing of pigs and poultry Current IPPC thresholds (large operations) > 2,000 places for pigs (>30kg) > 750 places for sows BAT-based permits (BREF) > 40,000 places for poultry Cattle is not included

Methodology TOOLS OUTPUTS DATA CAPRI RAINS (Ammonia, GHG) MITERRA-EU 22/11/2018 TOOLS OUTPUTS DATA CAPRI (Nutrients, Economy, Social) REVIEW OF CURRENT THRESHOLDS FOR PIGS AND POULTRY ACTUAL FARM SIZE DATA 2003 RAINS (Ammonia, GHG) MS Information on IPPC Permits ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE THREHOLD FOR CATTLE HOLDINGS Developments of agricultural holdings MITERRA-EU (Nitrate, Phosphate)

Review of IPPC scope – key evaluation issues For intensive rearing of pigs and poultry Assessment of current thresholds in view of percentage of farms and animals covered Possible differentiation between species (laying hens – broilers, …) in view of their different impacts Assess main environmental, economic and social impacts For cattle rearing Review MS legislation Evaluate environmental impacts (more than 50% of NH3 from agriculture) Determine main options for possible thresholds

Time tables Overall Service Contract: IPPC scope review: Start: January 2006 Finish: June 2007 IPPC scope review: Data gathering : January – June 2006 = > “data collection” report Determination of possible options and preliminary assessment: June – December 2006 = > interim report Impact assessment on specific options: November 2006 – March 2007 Outcome analysis: March/April 2007 = > draft final report Finalization project: June 2007= final report

Stakeholder consultation Planned (in Service Contract): 6 contact moments Stakeholders: Commission/Policy Makers, MS representatives, NGO’s, Farmers’ Organizations, Science IPPC Review Advisory Group Café Steering Group UNECE Ammonia Abatement Expert Group International Ammonia Conference March 2007

Suggested inputs from Advisory Group Methodology, contact points: views on suggested general approach (this presentation; until end June 2006) Data collection (MS level; animal numbers, farm sizes, national legislation)  consultation based on “data collection’ report (summer 2006) Possible options and preliminary assessment:  consultation based on “interim report” (autumn 2006) Impact assessment:  consultation based on “draft final report” (early 2007)

Thank you. Any questions, suggestions. More information: http://ec Thank you !! Any questions, suggestions? More information: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/cafe/activities/ammonia_en.htm Written comments and input to gert-jan.monteny@wur.nl 22/11/2018 Any questions?