Sectionalism at its finest 1848-1860 Sectionalism at its finest Period 5.1/5.2

Third Parties- a Review Anti-Masonic-1832 First Third Party- against the Free Mason (wealthy elite- control elections) Liberty- 1840,1844 First Anti- Slavery Party (cost Clay Election in New York) 62,000 votes= abolition is popular Free Soil- 1848, 1852 No more expansion of Slavery in newly acquired territories American (Know-Nothing)- Anti- Immigration-1856

1848- Election of Popular Sovereignty Zachary Taylor vs Lewis Cass- Parties wanted to “lid sit” Cass did not Father of Popular Sovereignty- the state will vote on whether or not they will be free or slave Pro Slavery people United- Use 5th amendment to defend slavery (emanate domain) Known as the “Fire Eaters” Taylor wins the Election- Millard Fillmore is VP

Problems facing the South in 1850 California wants to enter as a free state- Why so Fast? Balance is 15 to 15 in 1850 Harriet Tubman Helped more than 300 slaves escape- 1,000 a year. Abolitionist want to abolish slavery in DC Border dispute with New Mexico and Texas

Compromise of 1850- the last of the Great Triumvirate The Great American Triumvirate- Clay, Calhoun, Webster New Senators- Stephan Douglas- Ill.- Pro Compromise William Seward- of NY- No Compromise Higher Law- God’s Law, Un-Christian to allow slavery Convinces Taylor of Higher Law Compromise will not happen

Compromise of 1850- Clay California enters as a free state Popular Sovereignty will decide slavery in the land required for NM and Utah Texas gets 10 million in Compensation New Mexico wins Boarder dispute Slave Trade is Abolished in DC New Harsh Fugitive Slave Act

Reaction to the Compromise Massachusetts Nullifies the FSA and enact Personal liberty laws Against the Law to Capture slaves Although other states ignore the FSA but don’t nullify or enact personal liberty laws Election of 1852: Whigs: Winfield Scott Dem- Franklin Pierce- Pro Slavery, Northern Democrat Pierce- 254 to 42 Whig party fall apart due to slavery

International Growth 1853- Commodore Matthew Perry sail to Japan Opens Up trade with Japan Empire of Japan Treaty- 1854 (Treaty of Kanagawa) 1854- Ostend Manifesto US tries to buy Cuba from Spain or War. South wants to create 5 new slave states Free spoilers find out, leading to it failing. 1853- Gadsden Purchase US Buys land from Mexico next to Texas, Needed for a transcendental railroad

Clayton- Bulwer treaty- 1850- US and Brits Not to seek exclusive control of the canal or territory on either side of such a canal Not to fortify any position in the canal area Not to establish colonies in Central America Treaty if Wanghia- 1844 1st diplomatic agreement between US and China Opens trade and Immigration between the two countries.

Kansas Nebraska Act- 1854 Stephen Douglas- wants the transcendental railroad to run through Chicago Needs the Kansas and Nebraska Territory organized Proposes- Popular Sovereignty for Kansas and Nebraska territories Appeals to the south Goes against the Missouri Compromise.

Legacies of the Kansas- Nebraska Act Makes possibility of future compromise unlikely Destroys the 2 existing slavery Compromises Missouri and Compromise of 1850 FSA not allowed in the North. Kills National Parties Emergence of the Republican Party More People will Support Abolition Death of Elijah Lovejoy-

Election of 1856 Buchanan vs Freemont Republicans: No more extension Democrats – Popular Sov. First election with Republicans Running Freemont threatens the South with War

Bleeding Kansas Civil War starts in Kansas. Pro slavery Boarder Ruffians set up Puppet Government in Shawnee Mission- 1855 Anti Slavery- New England Emigrants Aid Company Sending abolitionist to Kansas with Beecher Bibles Set up Illegal government in Topeka-1855- Not voted on. Pottawatomie Creek- John Brown kills 5 pro slavery people

Lecompton Constitution Drafted by pro slaveryites No matter what slavery will exists If slavery is outlawed, slave owners can stay (will still have slavery) Free soilers boycott= becomes a slave state Douglas wants Popular sovereignty ( was not achieved) Buchanan wants south to be happy (supports it) Constitution resubmitted and is entered as a free state. **Splits Democratic Party**

Caning of Sumner https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmSuSGde5cw

Dred Scott: #WOW #Slavepower Rodger Taney rules: Scott still a slave under Missouri Law No slaves or descendants are citizens Cant sue in court Constitution doesn’t apply to black people (inferior) 5th amendment protect property Emanate Domaine Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Congress cannot regulate slavery in territories regardless of popular sovereignty 7 democrats, 1 whigs, and 1 republican on the SC (vote went 7 for 2 against.

Panic of 1857 Caused by Grain over speculation, Gold flooding the market leading to inflation (too much) Crimean War= need grain, we provide it (North and West) *South not hurt by the Panic, North and West hurt bad. Cotton unaffected. **South thinks they can survive economically** Leads to 2 things: Homestead Act of 1860: Land available for 25 cents an acre Tariff of 1857- reduced to 20%

Harpers Ferry VA-1859 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11gevEoaJsk

Election of 1860- Immediate cause of the war