The Renaissance and Reformation 1300-1650 Chapter 13

13-1 The Renaissance in Italy (pg 224)

What was the Renaissance? (pg 225-226) A New Worldview Renaissance – it was a ‘rebirth’ of political, social, economic, and cultural ideas that centered around _____ and ______ civilizations. Preservation of the old (by monks): Production of the new: focus on the ‘here and now’, rather than death and afterlife. focus on individual achievement

Expressing Humanism (an intellectual movement) A Spirit of Adventure Led to exploration Chris Columbus Expressing Humanism (an intellectual movement) Humanities: focus on worldly subjects such as: grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history, instead of religious issues. New – 10/14/13 – those who were followers of humanism were the humanists.

Italy’s Vibrant City-States (pg 226) Renaissance – a rebirth of Greek and Roman culture Why Italy? (pg 225) Florence and the Medicis Produced poets, artists, scholars, and scientists Medici family Richest ______ and _______ in Europe. Money=political power patrons

New Slide (10/14/13): How might the above painting show the influence of Medieval art on Renaissance painters?

New Slide (10/14/13): What painting technique was used the above?

13-2 The Renaissance in the North Pg 232

The Printing Revolution (pg 232) Johann Gutenberg: around 1455 – he invented the printing press which produced the first complete edition of the Christian Bible by 1500, there were about 15-20 million bibles in Europe, before the printing press, there were only a few thousand Printing revolution brought immense changes: books were cheaper and easier to produce with more available books, more people learned to read printing presses spread throughout Europe exposing educated Europeans to new ideas

13-3 The Protestant Reformation pg 237

Abuses in the Church Popes living lavish How? – Indulgences- Protests in northern Europe even before the reformation movement: scholars voice opposition

Martin Luther: Catalyst of Change (pg 238-239) 1517 Martin Luther leads revolt The 95 Theses Johann Tetzel sold ‘indulgences’ (what are they?) Effect: Martin Luther writes 95 arguments against indulgences. What did they object to?

Luther’s Teachings Church demanded he recant views. All Christians have equal access to God through faith and the Bible (which he translated into German) wanted every town to have a school to that children could learn to read the Bible Church demanded he recant views. Luther - Reject Rome Excommunication in 1521 Renounced authority of pope went into hiding

Luther’s Ideas Spread (pg 240) By 1530, Lutherans changed name to __________ Widespread Support Answer to corruption Princes had selfish reasons for following:

The Peasant Revolt (pg 240) Peasant supporters of Luther started a revolt in 1524. Luther’s views about peasant revolt: The Peace of Augsburg (pg 240) A settlement was reached after what event?

Switzerland’s Reformation- pg 241 John Calvin Teachings Bible only source of salvation Predestination Saints and sinners True Christian lives Calvin’s Geneva (Switzerland) Set up a theocracy Harsh punishments for offenses for: Education

Spread of Calvinism Calvinism took root in Germany, France, Netherlands, England, and Scotland. Created wars with Roman Catholic Church

13-4 Reformation Ideas Spread

Radical Reformers Radical sects Anabaptists What did Luther think of them? Religious toleration and separation of _________ Quakers, Amish, Mennonites

The English Reformation Seeking an Annulment King Henry VIII “Defender of the Faith” Wife, Catherine of Aragon Refusal of annulment Anne Boleyn

Break With Rome Decided to take over the English church 1534 Act of Supremacy Opposition were ______, some ________. Thomas Cranmer (married 4 more times only one son)

The Church of England Religious Turmoil Investigating of convents Anglican Church Religious Turmoil His son, Edward VI supported __________. His daughter, Mary turns against Protestants.

The Catholic Reformation Pope Paul III was leader of reformation. Goal: Council of Trent 1545 Tradition Good works Not only Bible Accountability education Reclaim catholic church and push for reform (end corruption)

Widespread Persecution Catholics and Protestants fostered intolerance. Catholic mobs killed Protestants. Protestants killed Catholic priests and wrecked Catholic churches. Witch Hunts 1450 to 1750, tens of thousands killed. Many were scapegoats. Most were: Beggers, poor widows, or midwives

Jews and the Reformation (pg 247) Spain expelled Jews in 1492 Italy: Ghettos Yellow badge How did Luther feel? - Migration – to where? Could stay, but forced in ghettos

13-5 The Scientific Revolution

Changing Views of the Universe A Revolutionary Theory 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. Heliocentric model Galileo Telescope Controversy with church. Why? “it does move”

A New Scientific Method A Step-by-Step Process Hypothesis Scientific method Bacon and Descartes Newton Ties It Together Isaac Newton