Ocean Waves – Size Small waves called ripples. Caused by friction between moving air and water.

Ocean Waves – Size Large waves form as a ripple. Receives more energy from the wind. High speed = larger energy = larger wave More Time blowing = larger energy = larger wave Higher Fetch = larger energy = larger wave

Other Oceans Terms Swell – group of long, rolling waves that are of similar size; moves in groups White caps – form when wind blows the crest off of waves; reflect the sun and allow less radiation to reach the ocean

Other Ocean Terms Longshore current form when waves approach the beach at an angle. Flow parallel to shore. Creates sandbars, which are low ridges of sand.

Other Ocean Terms Rip currents are a strong, narrow current flowing outward from the beach through the surf zone. They can be hazardous to swimmers.

Rip Currents & Safety https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ripcurrent.html l

Differential Heating – Specific Heat Specific heat is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of an object by 1˚C.

Differential Heating – Specific Heat An object with high specific heat takes a large amount of heat to warm up  heats up slowly & cools down slowly

Differential Heating – Specific Heat An object with low specific heat takes a small amount of heat to warm up  heats up quickly & cools down quickly

Differential Heating – Specific Heat Does wood or iron heat up more quickly? Why? Would you rather stand barefoot on concrete or sand on a very hot day? Iron, because it has a low specific heat. Concrete, because it heats up slower than sand.