BASIC NETWORK CONCEPTS --Fundamentals of Computer Network- Network- It is a communication system which support many users. The interconnection of one station to many stations is called as networking. Each station in a communication network is called as a node. Exa. Telephone system Visit to more Learning Resources

Fig1: Simple Communication N/w

Human Network -- Network of Human beings. --Social structure which consists of individuals, organizations, schools, hospitals etc. connected through technology. --A social network is defined as a social structure in which the individuals & organizations act as a nodes.

Fig2: Human N/w Human Being act as a nodes Links

There are 4 types of Human Network such as: 1. Family Network 2. Peer Network 3. Restaurant network(Client server N/w) 4. Contact Network 1.Family network- Most people belong to a family n/w in which related people shares the resources & information. Father Mother Child Child

--This type of n/w shares resources, information among peers. 2.Peer Network- Outside the family there is community which offers a more wide array of resources. Hence the family is connected to this community to use these resources. --This type of n/w shares resources, information among peers. Restaurant School Family work

3. Restaurant network(Client server n/w)- In these n/w servers serves many clients as per their demands. --The waiter works as a server, customer as clients,resouces are shared to resources. Snacks Tea & coffee Cold drink Ice cream Resouces Waiter(server) Customers(Clients)

4. Contact Network- A job searching person knows it very well that one of the best ways to find a job is to use n/w. --The more people you meet the more chances of you to get a job such a n/w is called contact n/w. Work Friends Associate A perfect job Friends friend Teacher

Computer Network Defination- A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate & share the available resources. --Each node is computer & connecting device such as hub or switch. --Computer connected in n/w share files, folder,appplications & resources like scanners,web-cams,printers etc.

Fig: Computer Network Hub

Protocol- To occure successful communication it is not enough for the “sender” to simply transmit the message & “assume” that the “receiver” will receive it properly. --There are certain rules that must be followed to ensure proper communication. --A set of such rules is known as a “protocol” of communication system.

Computer N/w Human N/w 1. Each node is computer 1. Each node is human being 2. Nodes are interconnected via links which are cables or wireless links 2. Human beings are linked via social structure & technology such as phone lines, emails 3. Types: Point to point, Broadcast,client server, LANs, MANs, WANs etc 3. Types: Family n/w, contact n/w, restaurant n/w. 4. Resources like printers etc are shared Resources like home,food etc are shared

Need & Application of Computer Network --For sharing the resources such as printers among all the users. --For sharing of expensive software & d/b. --To facilitate communication from one computer to the other. --To have exchange of data & information among the users via the n/w. --For sharing of information over geographically wide areas. --For connecting the computers between various buildings of an organization. --For education purposes. 13 13

Components of a Computer Network 2 or more computers Cables (Coaxial, twisted pair or fiber optic) as links between the computers. A N/w Interfacing Card(NIC) on each computer Switches or other connecting devices A software called network operating system. 14 14

Network Benefits 1) Sharing Resources- a. Sharing of h/w resources- A n/w allows its users to share many h/w devices such as printers, scanners, modems, fax m/c, CD ROM players etc. -- This will save expenses on h/w resources. Laser Printer User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 15 15

--This save lot of time & cost. b. Sharing of s/w resources- In a n/w we can centrally install & configure only one copy of each s/w & share it among rest of the computer. --This save lot of time & cost. Graphic File Centralised storage D/b file Word Document PPT Common S/w

Other Benefits (Advantages) of CN 1. Increased speed- N/w provide very fast sharing & transfer of files. 2. Reduced Cost- Many popular versions of s/w usable for the entire n/w which reduces cost compared to individual licensed copies. 3.Improve security- It is possible to protect the programs & files from illegal copying, by allotting password to authorised users. 4. Centralized s/w management- It is not necessary to waste time & energy to installing updates & tracking files on independent computers. 5.Electronic mail- Person to person communication is improved. 6. Flexible Access- It is possible for authorised users to access their files from any computer connected on the n/w.

4) PAN( Personal area network) --A personal area network(PAN) is a computer n/w designed for & organized around an individual person. --A PAN generally consist of laptop, cell phone & Personal digital assistant(PDA). PAN will allow the communication to take place among these devices. --PAN can also be used for communication among personal devices themselves(interpersonal communication) or connecting to higher level n/w & internet(called uplink). --PAN can be constructed using cables or it can be wireless such as bluetooth or infrared connection. PAN covers generally cover a range upto 10 meters.

5) CAN( Campus area network) --A CAN is made up of an interconnection of LAN within a limited geographical area. --The n/w equipment such as switches, routers & transmission media i.e. Optical fiber are almost entirely owned by the campus owner(i.e. Company, university) --Exa. A university CAN would connect different buildings its campus such as departments, library with each other.

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