LIFE STAGES

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Begins with birth Ends with death

LIFE STAGES Person differ greatly Every person passes through certain stages of growth and development

CLASSIFICATIONS SEVEN STAGES Infancy - birth to 1 year Early childhood - 1 -6 years Late Childhood – 6-12 years Adolescence - 12 -20 years Early adulthood - 20 - 40 years Middle adulthood - 40 - 65 years Late adulthood - 65 to death

TYPES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 4 TYPES Physical: Body growth Mental: development of mind Emotional: feelings Social: interactions & relationship

CHARACTERISTICS OF STAGES Tasks progress from simple to complex foundations for the next stage rate of accomplishment varies

Ages birth - 1 year of age Oral-sensory period INFANCY Ages birth - 1 year of age Oral-sensory period

Basic Conflict Trust vs. Mistrust Major Life Event Feeding

Conflict resolution Trusts if: If mistrusts becomes: Caregiver is responsive to basic needs and provides comfort If mistrusts becomes: Uncooperative and aggressive Decreased interest in environment

Physical Development Dramatic & Rapid changes tripled weight muscular & nervous system immature reflex actions muscle coordination develops teeth vision

Mental Development Rapid during first year respond to discomforts pain, cold, or hunger by crying gradually become more aware of surroundings recognize individuals As infants respond to stimuli learning activities grow speech

Social Development Progresses from the total self-centered concept of the newborn to a gradual recognition of others in the environment 4 months recognize persons who care for them smile stare at others 6 months watch activities of others show signs of possessiveness shy or withdrawn from strangers

Social Development 6 months 12 months watch activities show signs of possessiveness 12 months shy with strangers socialize freely with familiar people mimic & imitate gestures facial expressions vocal sounds

Social cont dependent on others for all needs Love & security food, cleanliness & rest are essential for physical growth Love & security essential for mental growth

AGES 1- 3 Muscular-Anal period TODDLER AGES 1- 3 Muscular-Anal period

Basic Conflict Major Life Event Autonomy versus Shame/Doubt Toilet Training

Conflict resolution Learns control while mastering skills such as feeding, toileting, and dressing Caregivers provide reassurance If needs not met: Feels ashamed Doubts own abilities Lack of self-confidence later on

Preschool 3-6 years locomotor

Basic Conflict Initiative vs. Guilt Major Life Event Independence

Conflict Resolution Initiate activities instead of just imitating Uses imagination Learns boundaries Develops a conscience If needs not met: Feels guilty Thinks everything they do is wrong Hesitancy to try new tasks in later stages

Physical Development Slower than during infancy Skeletal and muscle development helps a child look more like an adult legs & lower body tend to grow more rapidly then the head, arms & chest muscle coordination run, climb, and move freely finger muscles develop learns to write, draw & use a fork & knife

Physical continued Age 2 - 3 2-4 years of age most teeth have erupted digestive system is mature enough to handle most adult food 2-4 years of age learn bowel & bladder control

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Advances rapidly during early childhood Verbal growth age 6 1,500 -2,500

Mental 2 year olds short attention span interested in many activities remember details begins understanding concepts

Mental 4 year old ask frequent questions recognize letters and some words begin to make decisions based on logic rather than trial & error

MENTAL CONT. 6 YR OLD Very Verbal wants to learn how to read Memory has developed make decisions based on both past and present experiences

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Ages 1 to 2 develops self awareness and the effect they have on others limits are usually established for safety Anger, temper tantrums may occur if desired performance not accomplished likes routine becomes stubborn, angry, or frustrated when changes occur

Emotional Development Ages 4 - 6 gain more control over emotions know right or wrong more independent less anxiety when faced with new experiences

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Self – Centered 1yr old Sociable 6 yr old Later yrs Put self first Trust people

Needs Food, rest shelter, protection, love and security Routine, order, consistency in daily life Taught to be responsible and must learn how to conform to rules

LATE CHILDHOOD OR PREADOLESCENCE 6-12YRS Latency stage

Basic Conflict Industry vs. inferiority Major Life Event School

Conflict Resolution Masters learning and obtains success Learns to deal with academics, group activities, and friends when others show acceptance If not: Develops a sense of inferiority and incompetence which hinders future relationships and ability to deal with life events

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Slow but steady Gain 5-7 pounds per year Ht increase 2-3 inches per year Muscle coordination well developed Physical activities that require complex motor-sensory skills Loose teeth Visual acuity the best 10-12 sexual maturation may begin

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Increases due to school Speech skills develop more completely Reading & writing should be learned Information used to solve problems Memory becomes more complex Understands more abstract concepts Loyalty, honesty, values,and morals

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Age 6 Frightened and uncertain as they begin school Reassuring parents and success in school helps gain self-confidence Fears replaced with coping abilities Learn to control emotions

Ages 10 –12 Sexual maturation and body changes Restless and anxious Difficult to understand

SOCIAL CHANGES 7 years Activities they can do by self Approval of others especially parents and friends

Ages 8-10 Group oriented Forms groups with members of own sex Ready to accept some opinions of others Conforms to rules and standards of behavior

Ages 10-12 Tend to make friends more easily Increasing awareness of opposite sex Gradually move away from parents

NEEDS Basic needs Reassurance parental approval peer acceptance

ADOLESCENCE AGES 12 -20

Basic Conflict Major Life Event Identity vs. Role Confusion Peer Relationships

Conflict Resolution Makes choices about: Occupation Sexual orientation Lifestyle Adult role Relies on peer group for support and reassurance to create a self-image separate from parents If needs not met: Role confusion Loss of self-belief

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Growth spurts can cause rapid increases in wt & ht awkwardness or clumsiness Puberty development of the sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics secretions of sex hormones

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Increase knowledge and social skills Learn to make decisions; accept responsibility for actions Treated both like child and adult

Emotional Development Often stormy and in conflict Concerned about their appearance Respond more to peer groups May create a conflict with vales previously established

Later Years of Adolescence Self-Identity has been established Feel more comfortable with who they are Concerned about career

Social Development Move away from family Security in groups of people their own age Develop a more mature attitude and patterns of behavior

Needs Reassurance, support and understanding Basic needs

Eating Disorders Often develops from an excessive concern with appearance Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia

Chemical Abuse Development of a physical and /or mental dependence on these chemicals. Trying to relieve anxiety or stres Peer pressure Escape from problems Experimentation

Suicide One of the leading causes of death in adolescents Reasons Depression Grief Failure in school Not meeting expectations Lack of self-esteem

Suicide warning signs Verbal statements such as “I’d rather be dead,” or “you’d be better off without me” Sudden changes in appetite and sleep habits Withdrawal and moodiness Excessive fatigue or agitation Alcohol or drug abuse

Early Adulthood 20- 40 years

Intamacy versus isolation Basic conflict Intamacy versus isolation Major life event Love relationships

Conflict resolution Learn to make personal commitment to others, share life events with others. If self-identity is lacking, may fear relationships and isolate self from others

Physical Development Basically complete Muscles are developed and strong Motor coordination is at its peak Prime time for chidbearing Female sexual development is at its peak

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Continues through this stage Many pursue additional education to establish and progress in their chosen career Formal education may take several years

Deals with independence Makes career choices Establishes a lifestyle Selects a marital partner Starts a family Establishes values Makes many decisions and forms many judgments

Emotional Development Involves preserving the stability established in previous stages Subjected to many stresses Careers Marriage Family Satisfaction in accomplishments Accept criticism and profit from mistakes

Social Development Moving away from peer group to those with similar ambitions and interests regardless of age Becomes involved with a mate and forms a family

Middle Adulthood 40-65 years

Basic Conflict Major Life Event Generativity versus Stagnation Parenting

Conflict Resolution Seek satisfaction and obtains success in life by using career, family, and civic interests to provide for others and the next generation. If the adult does not deal with life issues, feels lack of purpose to life and sense of failure

Physical Development Hair tends to gray and thin Skin begins to wrinkle Muscle tone starts to decrease Hearing loss begins Visual acuity declines Weight gain occurs Females experience menopause Males experience a slowing of hormone production

Mental Development Mental ability can continue to increase Have acquired an understanding of lofe and have learned to cope with many different stresses. Allows them to be more confident in decision-making and excellent in analyzing situations

Emotional Development Contentment and satisfaction or crises Job stability vs. loss Financial success The end of childrearing vs. taking care of aging -parents Good health vs. fear of aging, loss of youth and virility

Social Development Family relationships decline as children leave the nest and parents die Work relationships often replace family Divorce rates increase Friendships are usually with someone who has the same interests and lifestyles

Late Adulthood 65-death

Basic Conflict Major Life Event Ego integrity versus despair Reflection on and acceptance of life

Conflict resolution If reflection is in a positive manner: Feels fulfillment Deals with losses Prepares for death If reflection is negative: Despair about life Fear of death

Physical development Elderly, Senior citizen, Golden Ager, retiree Is on the decline Skin beomes thin,dry, and wrinkled Hair becomes thin and loses its luster Bones: more brittle and porous = fx Muscles lose strength and tone Hearing loss, memory loss, heart less efficient, circulation decreases Breathing more labored

Mental Development May remain alert and well oriented or Decreased mental ability Alzheimers disease Arteriosclerosis

Emotional Development Some cope well with stresses presented by aging and remain happy and enjoy life Others become lonely, withdrwan, frustrated, and depressed Retirement Death of spouse Physical disabilities Loss of independence

Social Development Retirement means less contact and a limited circle of friends Death of spouse Moving to new environment Need a sense of belonging, self-esteem, financial security and social acceptance