James Monroe

James Monroe - Americas 5th President - Last President who signed the Constitution - Tried to deal with the rising problem of Sectionalism

Monroe Doctrine President Monroe said No more colonies in the new world Whatever colonies already existed could stay We saw it as a way to claim this hemisphere as an American zone

Missouri Compromise - Missouri wanted to enter the Union as a slave state - At the time there was an even number of slave states and free states - Northern states wanted to stop the expansion of slavery - Southern states wanted a guarantee that slavery could exist where it is, and expand it west - Henry Clay negotiated a compromise where 1. Missouri entered the Union as a slave state 2. Maine entered the Union as a free state 3. All other new states that enter into the union north of the southern border of Missouri would be free

The Corrupt Bargain

Election of 1824 Corruption: People in power act dishonestly taking bribes or political favors in order to gain, or retain power John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson vs. Henry Clay No one had a majority of electoral votes so the U.S. house of representatives voted the president Henry Clay was Speaker of the House and felt that Adams was best qualified, so Clay supported Adams This became known as the “corrupt bargain” when Clay became Adam’s secretary of state; Clay denies that he was offered the job before the vote.

The Election of 1824: The “Corrupt Bargain”

The Election of 1824: The “Corrupt Bargain” Candidate Popular Vote Electoral Vote Andrew Jackson 43% 99 J.Q. Adams 31% 84 William Crawford 13% 41 Henry Clay 37

Tariff of Abomination Andrew Jackson as Senator gets a bill passed it raised the Tariff to the highest level in American history Adams was forced to sign the bill Europe retaliated with a tariff on cotton and tobacco This hurt the south who got less money for their crops and paid higher prices for their manufactured goods

Election of 1828 J.Q. Adams vs Andrew Jackson, Jackson wins in a landslide by promoting his military experience and being “a man of the people” Jackson invents the spoils system to reward his supporters with federal jobs VS

1828 Election Results

The Reign of “King Mob” -The elites and people in power in Washington opposed the election of Jackson, but the common citizen loved him believing that Jackson was just like them.

South Carolina Nullification Crisis After Jackson’s election South Carolina protests the Tariff of Abominations John C. Calhoun (Vice President of the U.S.) threatens to lead S.C. to secede President Jackson threatened to send troops if S.C. seceded and Calhoun backed down

Universal White Male Suffrage All White males were given the right to vote under Jackson, property requirements were eliminated This gives wage employees the right to vote It also gives poor southern farmers and small business owners the right to vote

Jackson and Native Americans 1830- Indian Removal act is signed which says the states have the right to move Indians off their land The 5 Civilized tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Creek) are ordered to move to Indian Territory Worchester V Georgia 1832 stated that the Indians could not be moved Jackson ignored the supreme court and sided with the state of Georgia saying "John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!“ Indians were moved anyway This leads to the Trail of Tears when 1/4 of Cherokee die in the march to their new land

2nd Bank of the U.S. Jackson did not support a national bank Jackson vetoes the bank to support small state banks called wildcat banks This will result in disaster

Result of failure of the 2nd bank? Wildcat banks get out of control There is no one who can bail them out and they issue more money than there is gold to back it Land skyrockets in price and Jackson is forced to issue the Specie Circular to end the spiral Specie Circular said that all land must be bought in gold and silver (Specie)

Results of the Specie Circular Banknotes lose their value. Land sales plummeted. Credit not available. Businesses began to fail. Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew” ?

Champion of the “Common Man”? Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

Van Buren Martin Van Buren was Jackson’s right hand man He took over after Jackson leaves office, and gets blamed for the panic, and carries out the trail of tears He is a 1 term president, and the result of his and Jackson’s actions is the creation of the Whig Party