Geology A structural geology primer

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Presentation transcript:

Geology 3120 - A structural geology primer

Outline Lithology Strength Deformation styles Geologic time Stress Lithology Strength Deformation styles Geologic time Deformation movements Attitudes Scaling Relationships Examples

Stress Stress = (Force / Area) Tensile Shear Compressive y x

Lithology Most stiff Granite Dolomite Arkose Quartz Sandstone Greywacke Coarse grained limestone Fine grained limestone Siltstone Marl, mudstone Shale Anhydrite Halite Least stiff (fluid)

Strength of rock Strength Depth In addition to lithology, strength is a function of pressure, temperature, pre-existing weakness, chemical reactions, time

Regarding Geologic Time… Page 36 Required knowledge: Eras, Periods Eras - Paleozoic (540-248 My) Mesozoic (248-65 My) Cenozoic (65-0 My) Periods - COSDMPP TJK TQ

Deformation Styles Ductile N Brittle

Deformation Movements BEFORE AFTER

Attitudes Planes Lines Faults Slickenlines and grooves Bedding Contacts Lines Slickenlines and grooves Mineral growth Piercing points

Scaling Relationships Displacement (D) Length (L)

Examples Faults Folds Joints Dikes Shear zones Extensional veins

Faults Black Mountains, Death Valley

Faults Black Mountains, Death Valley

Folds Carboniferous limestones beds, Grenoble, France

Folds Carboniferous limestones beds, Grenoble, France

Joints Joints in the Sandstone, Moab region

Dikes Granite dikes, Dillon, CO

Dikes Granite dikes, Dillon, CO

Shear zones San Gregario fault zone, California

Shear zones San Gregario fault zone, California

Extensional Veins Calcite-filled veins, French Alps

Extensional Veins Calcite-filled veins, French Alps