Long Distance Alignments in Southern Britain: Long distance alignments in southern Britain: strategic planning or boundaries? Strategic Planning or Boundaries?

Long distance alignments: Identifying features Branches or turns typically at one of 4 Pythagorean angles 36.87˚ 28.07˚ Surveying base (usually fort or settlement) Section preserved when a Roman road is later run along part of the alignment Pythagorean triangles (sides measured in whole numbers): the 3:4:5 and the 8:15:17 Copyright R Entwistle

The Wealden Roads Margary roads 150 and 14, from London through Hassocks, and from London to Lewes, crossing the Weald in parallel. North Downs escarpment Edenbridge High point for western road crossing the Weald . Camp Hill Hassocks Copyright Ordnance Survey

The Wealden Alignment Copyright R Entwistle Margary roads 150 and 14, from London through Hassocks, and from London to Lewes, crossing the Weald in parallel. North Downs escarpment: views open up to the south Long section running almost parallel to initial line after sloping transversely down the escarpment Edenbridge Road at Weald summit, visible from N Downs escarpment, exactly on line Road comes round the back of Black Hill to reach the initial line Road wanders a little off line descending the Weald Camp Hill: views open up to the south The two roads cross the Weald by a single branched alignment that reaches from Watling Street, across the North Downs, to the South Downs. Hassocks The turns at N Downs escarpment and Camp Hill: both c. 28.07 ̊ Copyright R Entwistle

The Silbury Hill alignment towards Bath (minimum 29 km long) Copyright R Entwistle

Copyright R Entwistle River Kennet Silbury Hill River Thames London Silchester Bath Winchester Exeter Chichester Copyright R Entwistle

River Kennet Weald Alignment Silbury Hill River Thames London Silchester Bath Winchester Exeter Chichester

Copyright R Entwistle River Kennet Weald Alignment Honiton Alignment Silbury Hill River Thames London Silchester Bath Winchester Exeter Chichester St Loyes Copyright R Entwistle

Cannard's grave alignment, linking Honiton LDA to Silbury Hill LDA Bath Fosse Way out of Bath Roman road comes on to Cannard's Grave alignment Cannard's Grave Pye Hill, visible from Yeovil ridge Fosse Way into Ilchester Honiton alignment Yeovil Copyright R Entwistle

Copyright R Entwistle X X Cannards Grave Alignment River Kennet Weald Alignment Honiton Alignment Silbury Hill River Thames London Charterhouse military lead/silver mines Silchester Bath X Winchester X Bardown naval iron works Exeter Chichester St Loyes Copyright R Entwistle

Implications LDAs: a new source of evidence for Roman Britain? Should we look for borders in other client kingdoms? What was the role of client kings in governing a new province? What are the implications of seeing the Durotriges under the rule of Cogidubnus /Togidubnus? Were the St Loyes site, and the Exeter fort, under different jurisdictions? Where does it leave us on the debate about Togidubnus and Togodumnus? Copyright R Entwistle