When you see the pencil appear, fill in the information in red on your info-graphic guided notes page.

Before World War II had even ended, the Allies had been meeting to prepare for peace. They did not want the same mistakes made from the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I. As the war came to an end, the Allies had different views of what should happen to the countries in Europe as they were liberated from Nazi control. The United States and the Western European nations wanted to help those nations rebuild and let them elect their own democratic governments. The Soviet Union had other plans. They wanted to maintain control of nations they helped liberate from Germany. Europe became divided between Democratic and Communist ideologies.

Capitalism: Communism: Economic system based on private ownership of land and businesses. Economic system where the government controls land & businesses. Under the ideals of Capitalism, farms, businesses and property are all privately owned. Individuals with money purchase property and start businesses and made decisions about how to use the land and run their business based on what others want and are willing to buy. Some people have more money than others and can own more property and buy more goods. Under Communism, the government oversees property, farms, and businesses and the people work together for the common interest and benefit of everyone. The government controls the resources for the workers and determines what crops are grown and what products are made for everyone.

Countries competing for the most global power and influence. After World War I ended, the U.S. chose not to join the League of Nations. This time America decided to work together with other nations to establish a lasting peace. The United Nations was formed in 1945 as an international organization to promote peace, security, and cooperation between world nations. The U.S. not only joined, they based the U.N. Headquarters building in New York City. As peacetime settled over war-torn Europe, the world observed as two nations rose above the rest with power and influence. The United States and the Soviet Union became the world’s Superpowers. These countries had opposing ideologies- the U.S. was based on Democracy and Capitalism; the Soviet Union based on Communism. United Nations: International organization to promote peace & cooperation between nations. Superpowers: Countries competing for the most global power and influence.

Alliance between the U.S., Canada, and 10 western European countries. NATO: Warsaw Pact: Alliance between the U.S., Canada, and 10 western European countries. Military cooperation of Eastern European nations with the Soviet Union. When Germany Surrendered in 1945, it was divided in two. East Germany was occupied by the Soviet Union. They felt they needed to control all of Germany since Germany had invaded Russia twice. Western Germany was controlled by troops from the United States, France, and Britain. The capital city of Berlin was split in half. In April of 1949, ten Western Democratic nations of the United States and its allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to be a permanent alliance. The Soviet Union and its Eastern Communist allies formed the Warsaw Pact. These two alliances had opposing ideologies- NATO supported democracy and capitalism. The Warsaw Pact supported the Soviet Union’s Communist economy under Joseph Stalin’s dictatorship.

U.S. policy of fighting the spread of Communism. USSR Poland Czechoslovakia East Germany West France United Kingdom Spain Portugal Italy Switz. Austria Hungary Yugoslavia Romania Bulgaria Greece Turkey Alb. Belg. Neth. Denmark Norway Sweden Finland NATO Iron Curtain Key Non-Members Warsaw Pact Containment: Iron Curtain: U.S. policy of fighting the spread of Communism. The division between Communist East Europe and the Democratic West. Marshall Plan: U.S. plan to help Europe recover and rebuild after WWII.

As the U.S. and NATO helped rebuild a democratic, capitalist Western Europe, The Soviet Union controlled everything east of the Iron Curtain. In Germany’s capital city, people had been trying to escape communist East Germany into democratic West Germany. In 1961, the Soviet Union built a wall to try and keep people from escaping communist East Berlin into freedom in West Berlin. The wall was 25 miles long and existed for thirty years with Soviet soldiers guarding the eastern side of the wall ready to shoot anyone trying to escape. In 1989, after other nations had removed their physical barriers and more Eastern Europeans were flooding into free Western Europe, the Berlin Wall began to come down. This came two years after President Ronald Reagan told the Soviets to tear down the wall. Berlin Wall: 25 miles of concrete wall dividing Berlin-Communist East Germany & Democratic West Germany. © Karalynn Tyler 2016

Cold War 1949-1991 Global struggle for power and influence between the U.S. & USSR The clash in ideologies between the democratic, capitalist West and the Communist East led to a rivalry between the world’s two superpowers. The United States represented values of democracy, freedom, and capitalism. The Soviet Union represented communism with power belonging to the government. Joseph Stalin turned the Soviet Union into a modern industrial giant. Propaganda was used on both sides to remind citizens of why their ideology was best for them. This division of ideologies led to the Cold War. Unlike traditional wars, the Cold War was not a literal war fought with soldiers and weapons. The Cold War was a global struggle for power between the Democratic United States and Communist Soviet Union. At times, the Cold War turned into physical wars with each side sending troops and supplies to opposing governments. 1949 1964 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act 1973 Last U.S. troops leave Vietnam 1983 First commercial cell phone sold 1991 2001 9/11 Terrorist Attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon Cold War Began

In 1985, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev hoped to make communism work better for people and began reforms that led to increased freedom of press, speech, and religion for citizens. He revised the structure of the economy hoping to help modernize the nation. Gorbachev met with President Reagan and agreed to reduce the number of nuclear weapons. In 1989, Soviet states in Eastern Europe began holding elections for their own leaders. The Berlin wall was torn down. A new revolution was taking place to end communism in the Soviet Union. On Christmas Day, 1991, the Soviet flag few over the Kremlin in Moscow for the last time. The Soviet Union was dissolved and the Cold War was over after 40 years. 1949 1964 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act 1973 US troops leave Vietnam 1983 First commercial cell phone sold 1991 2001 9/11 Terrorist Attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon Cold War Began Cold War Ended © Karalynn Tyler 2016

Optional Video Resources Cold War Series https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8hNHC9nbLlzb4miGp5pZPYCk9Zw0dGke Cold War in 9 Minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVqziNV7dGY Cold War: From World War to Cold War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpYCplyBknI Cold War After Stalin 1953-1956 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXm7Mm-w_aA The Reagan Legacy: The End of the Cold War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmtNJdX0Q44