The CIRCULATORY System Unit 3 Transportation Systems

Functions of the Circulatory System Picks up food from the digestive system and delivers it to the body cells while picking up the waste products Helps to regulate heat in the body Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and antibodies

Structures of the Circulatory System

Heart Hollow organ about the size of your fist Located between the lungs, behind the sternum, and above the diaphragm Pumps blood throughout the body Three layers: endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium Four chambers Major blood vessels Four valves

The 4 Chambers of the Heart Right Atrium Left Atrium Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle. Receives deoxygenated blood from the veins. Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps to the lungs. Pumps blood into the aorta, which will transport blood through the body.

Major Blood Vessels in the Heart Aorta Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Pulmonary Arteries Pulmonary Veins

Valves in the Heart Tricuspid Valve- between right atrium and ventricle Pulmonary Valve- to the lungs Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve – between left atrium and ventricle Aortic Valve – to aorta

Blood flow through the Heart Superior & Inferior Vena Cava Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Pulmonary Arteries Lungs Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve Left Ventricle Aortic Semilunar Valve Aorta

Closed system for the flow of blood Blood Vessels Three types of vessels: Arteries Carry blood away from the heart Blood is generally bright red Largest artery is the aorta Smallest branches are called arterioles Veins Carry blood toward the heart Blood is generally dark red Smallest branches are called venules Contain small valves Capillaries Connect arteries and veins Thin walled and have one layer of cells. These are important in the nutrient and gas exchange between the blood and the cells. Closed system for the flow of blood

Blood Provides vital transportation for the body Four components Red blood cells (erythrocytes) White blood cells (leukocytes) Platelets (thrombocytes) Plasma

Anemia Heart Attack High Blood Pressure Atherosclerosis Diseases and Careers Anemia Heart Attack High Blood Pressure Atherosclerosis

Anemia Blood disorder where capacity of the blood to transport oxygen is decreased. Usually red blood cell count is diminished. Causes: Internal bleeding, vitamin deficiencies, decreased RBC production, increase in RBC destruction by spleen Symptoms: Fatigue, chest pain, skin pallor, increased heart rate, difficulty breathing

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) Coronary artery or a branch of the coronary artery is blocked. Symptoms: Chest pain Crushing pressure behind the breastbone and chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen, shoulder or left arm. Nausea Vomiting Difficulty breathing Anxiety or fear

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Blood pressure is chronically elevated. Can contribute to coronary artery disease, strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of the aorta. Sustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90 is considered hypertension. Usually there are no symptoms other than a mild headache.

Atherosclerosis Build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteries. Restricts the flow of blood. Fats and other particles combine to form plaque. Calcium can be deposited by plaque and cause the area to harden.

Careers Emergency Medical Technician Surgical Technician Cardiologist Phlebotomist Electrocardiogram (ECG) Technician

Emergency Medical Technician Entry-level emergency patient care provider Usually complete a course that is about 120-150 hours Median annual salary is $32,883

Surgical Technician Prepare operating rooms, arrange equipment, and help doctors during surgeries Education: postsecondary certificate or an associate’s degree Salary: $44,330

Cardiologist Doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating diseases or conditions of the heart and blood vessels Education: After medical school, they attend six to eight more years of general internal medicine training and specialized cardiology training through a residency Salary: ~$400,000/yr

Phlebotomist Draw blood for tests, transfusions, donations, or research Education: most hold an associate's degree or have completed phlebotomy training Salary ~$30,000/yr

EKG Tech Perform diagnostic tests to aid doctors in identifying and treating cardiovascular problems in patients Education: on-the-job training is the primary path; certification courses Salary: median salary in the United States is $50,000 per year