IB Psych 9/26/16 3 Principles Studies Today’s Agenda: BLOA HW: Turn in: Nothing Take out : Planner Writing Implement Your Notes from your Reading… Textbook Today’s Learning Objectives: I can OUTLINE principles that define the Biological Level of Analysis Today’s Agenda: BLOA 3 Principles Studies HW: SAQ Practice (By Wednesday)

Biological Level of Analysis Outline principles that define the biological level of analysis Explain how principles that define the biological level of analysis may be demonstrated in research. Discuss how and why particular research methods are used at the biological level of analysis. Discuss ethical considerations related to research studies at the biological level of analysis. Explain one study related to localization of function. Explain effects of neurotransmission on human behavior. Explain functions of two hormones in human behavior. Discuss two effects of the environment on physiological processes. Examine one interaction between cognition and physiology in terms of behavior. Discuss the use of brain imaging technologies in investigation the relationship between biological factors and behavior. To what extent does genetic inheritance influence behavior? Examine one evolutionary explanation of behavior. Discuss ethical considerations in research into genetic influences of behavior.

Studies Mentioned in Chapter 2: Biological Level of Analysis HM Zietsch et al. (2008) Phineas Gage Heston (1966) Santtila et al. (2008) Lewy et al. (2006) Sperry (1968) Schachter and Singer (1962) Clive Wearing Bailey and Pillard (1991) Maguire et al. (2000) Morhenn et al. (2008) Avery et al. (2001) MA Janet Draganski et al. (2004) Brefczynski–Lewis et al. (2007)  

Quick Review What are nerve cells called? What are the main parts of a nerve cell (neuron) IN ORDER? How do “messages” travel? TRUE OR FALSE: the axon terminals of one neuron touch the dendrites of the next neuron when transmitting a message/signal What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

Quick Review How many hemispheres are there in the brain? What is the “little brain” really called? What is the bundle of fibers called that connects the 2 hemispheres?

BEHAVIOR Does evolution play a role in behavior? WHAT IS THE NATURE VS. NURTURE DEBATE? Nature: human behavior is the result of biological factors Nurture: human behavior is the result of environmental factors

Today’s Objective… Learning Outcome: Outline the principles of the Biological Level of Analysis (LOA) Success Criteria: Students will demonstrate mastery of principles and supporting research on upcoming evidence.

Principles of the BLOA What are they….Look them up in your NOTES…You tell ME! Not in your notes??? They should be…perhaps look in your book!

3 Principles of the BLOA 1. Animal research may inform our understanding of human behavior 2. Behavior is the product of the interaction of our physiology (and the environment…) they CORRELATE 3. Behavior can be inherited (and innate) because it is genetic.

Principles of the BLOA PRINCIPLE #1 Animal research may inform our understanding of human behavior

Principle #1: Animal research can provide insight into human behavior. Why study animals? What do we use them to study? What ethical problems can we face by studying animals? For more info, visit… http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/animals/using/experiments_1.shtml

Principle #1: Animal research can provide insight into human behavior. Animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products Many experiments cause pain to the animals or reduce the quality of life in other ways

Principle #1: Animal research can provide insight into human behavior. PRO-ANIMAL TESTING ANTI-ANIMAL TESTING Experimenting on animals is acceptable if (and only if): Suffering is minimized in all experiments Human benefits are gained which could not be obtained by using other methods Experimenting on animals is always unacceptable because: It causes suffering to animals The benefits to human beings are not proven Any benefits to human beings that animal testing does not provide could be produced in other ways

The Vacanti Mouse: Ethical or not? The Vacanti mouse was a mouse that was genetically altered to have a abnormally strong immune system, and it was bred to be hairless.

SAQ PRACTICE 1. Outline principles that define the biological level of analysis. [8 marks] 2. Explain how principles that define the biological level of analysis may be demonstrated in research. [8 marks] This needs to be submitted via TII.com by Wednesday at 9:55am

Principles of the BLOA PRINCIPLE #2 Behavior is the product of the interaction of our physiology and the environment

Principle #2: There are biological correlates of behavior Implies that it should be possible to find a link between a specific biological factor (ex: hormone or neurotransmitter) and a specific behavior THIS IS THE AIM OF RESEARCHERS IN THIS LOA EX: Acetylcholine Too much: Parkinson’s Not enough: Alzheimer’s

Is lack of sleep making me fat? Principle #2 Is lack of sleep making me fat? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxezLHDECUo Examples of neurotransmitters & hormones that are in charge of really important things: Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Growth Hormone Leptin Ghrelin

Principles of the BLOA PRINCIPLE #3 Behavior can be inherited (and innate) because it is genetic What does “innate” mean?

Principle #3: Behavior can be inherited because it is genetic TWIN STUDIES Why study twins? What are Monozygotic twins? Dizygotic twins? Diathesis-Stress Model Genetic predisposition (diathesis) to develop a disorder that MAY OR MAY NOT be brought out by the environment (stress)

Principle #3: Behavior can be innate because it is genetically based Twins separated at birth