Texas Natives Southeastern Farmers & Gulf Cultures Chapter 3: Section 2 pp.85-89 Discussion & Notes for Thursday’s Quiz Over 3:2

Caddo Confederacy- -a Group or an Association of Groups Lived in Piney Woods; East Texas

Caddos Most Numerous Tribe in Texas (Large Numbers) Most Productive Tribe in Texas (Advanced & “Civilized”)

Caddos Had Two Leaders – 1 Caddos Had Two Leaders – 1. One Leader Handled Religious Affairs While Another 2. Leader Oversaw Matters of War and Peace

Caddo Farming- Typical Caddo Crops Squash Beans Corn Pumpkins Watermelons Peaches Tobacco

Caddo Trading Traded Salt, Pottery, & Wooden Bows for Hides, Turquoise, & Blankets … Extensive Trade Network with Tonkawas & Jumanos

Caddo Housing Dome-like “Roundhouses” covered with mud, twigs, & grasses 50ft. In Diameter; Built to last a long time …

Settled Farmers of the Cross Timbers Wichitas Settled Farmers of the Cross Timbers

Wichitas Lived in present-day Dallas area and North Texas Came down from Kansas to Live Near the Trinity, Red, and Brazos Rivers Farmers who also hunted hunters Made clay pots, tools, & leather bags

Wichitas Great hunters Horses Smaller Roundhouses than Caddo

The Wichitas were often in battle … primarily with the Spanish

The Gulf Culture Gatherers

Scavengers of the Desert Coahuiltecans Scavengers of the Desert

Coahuiltecans Nomads On the Go Very Primitive Nomadic Desert lands of South Texas Isolated Always in Search of Food In Search of Food Nomads On the Go

Coahuiltecans Seldom Strayed from the South Texas Plain

Food Sources for Coahuiltecans Rabbits Wild Hogs Snakes Lizards Spiders Worms Termites Ants

Shamans “Witch Doctors” with Unusual Healing Power They Led Religious Ceremonies and Cared for the Sick

Karankawas Cannibals of the Coast

Karankawas Lived on the Texas coast between Galveston Bay and Corpus Christi No fishing hooks – fish traps made of cane stalks Used Poles & Dugout Canoes (Hollowed Tree Trunks); Canoes were their Most Treasured Possession

The Karankawas Lived Near Forests in the Spring and Summer , and Moved to the Sea in Fall and Winter (They Were Nomadic)

Karankawa Food Sources Fish Porpoises Clams Oysters Seaweed

The Karankawas Wore Little Clothing; They Were Tall & Muscular Made Insect Repellant from Alligator Fat

Some Believe the Karankawas were Cannibals … They Believed They Acquired Power and Strength Over Their Enemies, By Roasting & Consuming Small Bits of Human Flesh …