Geology Exam Part One Review Session

What are the two TYPES of evidence for the Earth’s interior? Direct and Indirect

What is an example of indirect evidence about the Earth’s interior? Measuring Seismic Waves

An example of DIRECT evidence for the Earth’s interior would be… Rock samples.

What are the four layers of the Earth, from surface to center? Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

What is the inner core made of? Solid metal

As you go deeper into the Earth, the pressure and temperature will… increase.

The upper mantle and crust form a layer known as the… lithosphere

What are the three types of heat transfer? Convection, Conduction, Radiation

Which type of heat transfer moves energy through empty space? Radiation

Heat transfer between two solid objects is called… Conduction.

Which type of heat transfer is for fluids (liquids and gases)? Convection

The mantle heats up because of conduction from the core, becomes _____ dense, and rises to the crust. less

The theory that states that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass is called… Continental Drift

That large, ancient landmass was called… Pangaea.

The Theory of Continental Drift was proposed by… Alfred Wegener

Landforms, fossils, and climate. The three types of evidence that Wegener used to support his theory were… Landforms, fossils, and climate.

Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock is called a… fossil

Why did scientists reject Wegener’s theory? He did not know what was CAUSING the continents to move.

What DOES cause the continents to move? Convection currents in the mantle

What technology was used in the 1950’s to map the ocean floor? SONAR

What scientist is famous for using SONAR to map the ocean floor? Harry Hess

What is the name of the process that continually adds new crust to the ocean floor? Seafloor spreading

In sea-floor spreading, WHERE does new ocean floor erupt? At mid-ocean ridges

What is it called when ocean floor sinks into a trench and back into the mantle? Subduction

The ocean floor near the mid-ocean ridge is _____ than the ocean floor far away from the ridge. Younger / Newer

Divergent plate boundary A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other is called a… Divergent plate boundary

The place where two plates push together is known as a Convergent plate boundary

A _______ plate boundary is where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions. transform