Language of Argument and Persuasion two Date: Objectives Define, see examples and use the techniques seen in the language of argument and persuasion. We use these techniques so as to avoid Violence to get our way. Tantrums to get our way. Giving up on getting our way.

Metaphor/simile – we use these in hard to describe situations. Write out the metaphor and what you think it means. ‘Katie’s plan to get into college was a house of cards on a crooked table’. ‘Stop being a baby Billy’.’ ‘Love is a battlefield’.

Identification with the audience This is the inclusion of the audience in your speech, making them believe that you are like them, that you share in their hardships and that you’re all in the same boat. The words ‘we’ ‘us’ and ‘our’, showing what you have in common and name-dropping are all ways to identify with the audience.

Know your audience Reference things they like.

Activity Students - 1) 2) 3) Boys - 1) 2) 3) Girls - 1) 2) 3) Below are four groups. Imagine you were asked to give a speech to them. The first thing you do is write down three things important to them. Write out three things each group would like to hear / three things they would cheer you for mentioning. Students - 1) 2) 3) Boys - 1) 2) 3) Girls - 1) 2) 3) The elderly - 1) 2) 3)

Facts Too many facts = report. No facts = opinion. Use facts to strengthen your point but do not let the fact be the only point. Give interpretations and what you think.

Anecdote / illustration Telling a story about your experiences makes the situation seem real and creates a connection with the audience too. Presume your audience doesn’t know anything. Give them an example, something they can make sense of. (Bullying)

Activity Homework can be hard sometimes. Write a brief story about a piece of homework you found difficult, a story that will make me feel sorry for you. (Does not have to be true – try not to exaggerate though.)

Emotive Language If something is emotive it makes people emotional. ‘Please, won’t somebody think of the children’. The mention of helpless animals and people in pain works too. (Keep it factual or it is persuasive language)

The following verse by John Donovan makes a great point (choose your words carefully). Call a woman a kitten, but never a cat; You can call her a mouse, cannot call her a rat Call a woman a chicken, but never a hen Or you surely will not be her caller again. You can say she's a vision, can't say she's a sight; And no woman is skinny, she's slender and slight; If she should burn you up, say she sets you afire And you'll always be welcome, you tricky old liar.

Anticipatory Statements When you think you know what your opponent is going to say, counter it before he says it. If you can make the audience think the opponent is going to say something (something bad he would not say), the audience will like him less and you more.

Homework Using all of the devices seen so far, construct a short speech that you would give to fifth years. Title ‘Exams don’t show how smart you really are.’ (memory test, nerves on day or it show’s what you’re good at – future career.) you decide – stay within reason – serious tone. You must convince us to cancel our plans. Half to One a4 page.

I think... I knew... I now know... I want to know... Reflection I think... I knew... I now know... I want to know... I was surprised when...

Language of Argument and Persuasion two Date: Objectives Continue defining, seeing examples and using the techniques seen in the language of argument and persuasion. Be able to recognise them when they appear in real world speeches.

Use the task from the next device Warm-up: Use the task from the next device