Warm Up 8-04-14 How did the Salem witch episode reflect the tensions and changes in seventeenth-century New England life and thought? Finish your Frayer Vocab and turn it into the basket in the front of the room.

Warm Up 8-05-14 The focus of much of New England’s politics, religion, and education was the institution of the _______ English settlers greatly altered the character of the New England environment by __________ English company that lost its monopoly on the slave trade in 1698. ________

Chapter 4 American Life in the 17th Century 1607-1692

Unhealthy Chesapeake Chesapeake area full of harsh living conditions. Half of people born would not make 20 of those half would make it to 40. Men out numbered woman 6-1 in 1650. Families were few and fragile.

Tobacco Economy Tobacco main cash crop in the Chesapeake region. Shipped 1.5 million pounds a year in the 1630’s. Large production equals lower prices. Response to lower prices was to get more land and grow more tobacco. More tobacco means need for more labor. Families too small, Indians die too easy, slaves too expensive, rely on indentured servants. By the end of the century it reached 40 million pounds of tobacco a year.

Recruiting Indentured servants Owners would pay their passage to the new world and earn Freedom dues. Freedom dues- includes barrels or corn, a set of clothes, and a small parcel of land. Head-right system: Who ever paid the passage of a laborer would receive 50 acres of land. Opportunity for the elite to gain more land. People that came to dominate the region. Region brought 100,000 servants over by 1700.

Bacon’s Rebellion Prime land became scarce leaving indentured servants with little to accumulate. Even after freed of servitude little opportunity was left for them. Single young men frustrated with situations of finding land and marriage. 29 year old planter Nathaniel Bacon led 1000 Virginians in a revolt. Upset at William Berkley for not providing protection against Indian raids. Berkley had a monopolized fur trade with the Native Americans he did not want harmed. The rebels were frontiersman who were forced to live west without safety provided.

Bacon’s Rebellion continued… Bacon attacks Native Americans friendly and hostile. Chased Berkley out of Jamestown. Torched the Capital. Bacon died of disease which suddenly ended the rebellion. Berkley is able to crush the remaining rebels. Scene looks bad in England. Charles II is unhappy at how Berkley handles it. Bacon ignited resentments of landless servants. Charles II criticizes the killing of 20 rebels “That old fool has put to death more people in that naked country than I did here for the murder of my father”.

Slavery Bacon’s rebellion has landowners looking for another source of laborers less troublesome. Some 10 million Africans were brought to the new world. Only about 400,000 of them to N. America. 1680’s wages in England increase and fear of mutinous servants increase. Royal African Charter loses its charter in 1672 which leads to rush in slave trade among others. Rhode Island

Slavery continued… Most slaves came from W. Africa. Captured by African costal tribes, traded to markets on the coast, put onto ships, 20% death rates, brought to auction blocks. Early slave codes made blacks and their children property.

Africans in America Slavery in deep south rice and indigo plantations isolated and very dangerous. Tobacco growing Chesapeake region generally easier. Why? By 1720, family life becomes possible. More woman. Few places where slavery produced natural reproduction. Evolved unique characteristics in language (Gullah), dances, and music.

Southern Society Gaps in social structure widened with slavery. Hierarchy of wealth and status. Planters (political power)-small farmers (modest plots)-landless whites (old indentured servants)-servants still doing time-slaves

New England Family Better Quality of Life. Cleaner water, less disease. Add to life expectancy (70). Established Families. Natural reproduction, Early marriages, large families, danger of dying in childbirth. Family stability-children nurturing environment. Grandparents.

Warm Up 8-06-14 What factors contributed to the growing numbers and wealth of the America colonists in the eighteenth century? Chp 5 What were the causes and consequences of the Great Awakening? How was religious revival linked to the development of a sense of American uniqueness and identity? Chp 5

New England towns Tight nit society of small villages and farms. Puritans unity for a purpose (Church). New towns legally chartered, proprietors moved themselves and families to designated spots and create a meetinghouse, surrounded by houses, a village green. More than 50 families required a school. Harvard college created in 1636 (oldest college in U.S.)

Half-Way Covenant Growing population=less direct influence of Church. Why? Time-2nd generation not as zealous though beliefs still exist. Jeremaid- form of sermon scolding people for lack of piety. Decline in “conversions” 1662 ministers announce new membership “Half-Way Covenant” Existing members children could be baptized but not full communion. Farms were on outlying stretches away from center of town/church. Less direct influence.

Continued… Partial membership No longer exclusive Weakened distinction between elect and others As time goes on Puritans allow all comers into the Church. Strict religious purity was sacrificed for more religious participation. Woman became majority of puritan congregations

Salem Witch Trials Younger woman claim certain older woman bewitched them. Witch hunt- 1692, legal lynching of 20 and two dogs. Witch hunts often directed at property owning woman. Possible social and religious issues part of the key. Ended when governor’s wife is accused

New England Way of Life Rocky soil leads to back breaking work. Climate of extremes Summer/Winter. Believed dominion over land. Indians wasting the land. Introduction of livestock…clearing the forests. Fish became important part of industry. National inherited traits. New England conscience, high idealism in national character and inspire reforms.

Early Settlers Majority are farmers. Woman cooked, clean, care for children. Life was comfortable, most better off than European counterparts. Land of plenty.