Plant Life Cycles Chapter #2 11/22/2018

What is a Life Cycle? from the time a seed is planted until a seed is produced 11/22/2018

What are the Life Cycles? Annuals, Biennials, & Perennials 11/22/2018

complete life cycle in one growing season Annual complete life cycle in one growing season can be summer annuals (spring wheat, barley) or winter annuals (winter wheat) 11/22/2018

require two growing seasons to produce seed Biennials require two growing seasons to produce seed first season plant produces vegetation, second season seed (sugar beet, carrot) 11/22/2018

Perennials indefinite growth, can produce seed annually (grasses, trees, shrubs, onion) 11/22/2018

What is a Seed? package containing an embryo (miniature plant) and food seeds are alive, need air 11/22/2018

What is Germination? process where embryo changes to seedling (growing plant) 11/22/2018

What conditions are necessary for germination? 1) moisture 2) correct temperature 3) air 4) some seeds need light 5) some seeds need help (break seed coat [sunflower], remove a chemical from seed, heat, chill [winter wheat]) 11/22/2018

What are Warm Season Crops? soil temperature must be 70 degrees F or more for germination (corn, rice, cotton, melons) 11/22/2018

What are Cool Season Crops? soil temp below 70 degrees F (wheat, barley, beets) 11/22/2018

How deep do seeds need to be planted? the size of the seed determines larger seed = deeper corn = 4" bluegrass = 1/4" 11/22/2018

Germination Process 1) seed absorbs water, swells 2) water activates enzymes which help digest stored food 3) root grows 4) shoot emerges (is now a seedling) 11/22/2018

What is vegetative growth? plant produces food for itself extra food is stored in roots, stems, etc. 11/22/2018

What is Tillering (Stooling)? when new stems are formed in grass plants 11/22/2018

What is Jointing? stems of grass plants elongate rapidly 11/22/2018

What is Respiration? process how plants get energy from its stored food 11/22/2018

How is food stored in plants? form of carbohydrates (sugars) 11/22/2018

How does respiration work? Food + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy 11/22/2018

What factors can influence the rate of respiration? 1) high temps = high rate of respiration 2) high amounts of light = high rate 3) high amounts of water = high rate 11/22/2018

What is Photosynthesis? process of converting water and carbon dioxide into food (sugar) and oxygen in the presence of chlorophyll and light photosynthesis and respiration are opposite cycles 11/22/2018

What is Transpiration? process of returning water to the air (in the form of gas) 99% of water taken in by roots is transpired Wilt = plant transpires more than it takes in 11/22/2018

What are Nutrients? elements needed by plants to grow 11/22/2018

What are Macronutrients? needed in large amounts C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) plants get C, H, O from air and water 11/22/2018

What are Primary Nutrients? N, P, K 11/22/2018

What are Secondary Nutrients? Ca, Mg, S needed less 11/22/2018

What are Micronutrients? needed in small amounts, but essential excess amounts are toxic Fe, Bo, Mn, Zn, Mo, Cu, Cl 11/22/2018

16 Essential Nutrients C HOPKNS CaFe Mg B Mn CuZn ClMo C Hopkins Café Managed By Mine Cousin Clomo 11/22/2018

11/22/2018