Cell Activities Cellular Respiration 4B Quiz

Objectives I will be able to distinguish between producers and consumers, and give examples of each. I will be able to explain the purpose of cellular respiration. I will be able to describe the process of aerobic cellular respiration. I will be able to differentiate between aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration I will be able to list two examples of anaerobic cellular respiration and their uses.

Cellular Respiration Producers Consumers Organisms, such as plants, that make their own source of energy Consumers Obtain energy by eating other organisms

Cellular Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP The breakdown of an energy source to obtain usable energy for the cell

Sugar (glucose) is the most common energy source in cellular respiration. (some can use fats, oils, proteins, etc.)

Cellular respiration requires many enzymes Cellular respiration requires many enzymes. Enzymes are catalysts (substances which help to change other substances without being permanently changed themselves).

Cellular Respiration Enzymes take apart sugars and release energy in small amounts in the form of ATP.

2 types of cellular respiration aerobic – requiring oxygen anaerobic – not requiring oxygen (some bacteria and fungi) Most cells carry on aerobic respiration.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration First few steps for breaking down glucose takes place in the cytoplasm and it is called glycolysis. Most takes place in the mitochondrion (called reactions in the mitochondria).

Cellular Respiration Aerobic cellular respiration Much of this occurs in the mitochondria Sugars are disassembled ATP molecules are “recharged”

Essentially cellular respiration takes place in three parts: 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle (or The Citric Acid Cycle) 3. Electron Transport The Citric Acid Cycle occurs only when oxygen is present but it doesn't use oxygen directly.

Glycolysis the first step in cellular respiration, is a process by which glucose is broken down into smaller molecules. It occurs in the cytoplasm. Nine reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme, makeup the process we call glycolysis. Glucose, a six carbon sugar, is split into two molecules of a three carbon sugar. Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. Without oxygen, glycolysis allows cells to make small amounts of ATP. This process is called fermentation. Glycolysis literally means "splitting sugars."

Cellular Respiration Glycolysis produces some ATP molecules and uses energy from other ATP molecules.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration The second step of cellular respiration requires oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. The smaller molecules made from glucose during glycolysis are broken down. Large amounts of ATP—usable energy—are produced. Cells use ATP to power all cellular processes.

Reactions in the Mitochondria

Aerobic Cellular Respiration reactants enzymes sugar + oxygen products carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

Cellular Respiration Aerobic cellular respiration Requires oxygen Carbon dioxide is exhaled

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Some cells exist in environments that do not have oxygen available. Many bacteria in the lower layers of swamps, lakes, or the ocean do not have oxygen. Other cells which operate best with a supply of oxygen can occasionally operate without oxygen.

Types of anaerobic cellular respiration (usually named by the products that are produced from the glucose) Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid fermentation

Fermentation Fermentation is a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low. Fermentation occurs in a cell’s cytoplasm, not in mitochondria.

Alcoholic fermentation anaerobic cellular respiration that produces alcohol and carbon dioxide from glucose example: yeast in bread dough

Lactic acid fermentation a type of anaerobic cellular respiration that produces lactic acid and carbon dioxide from glucose examples: yogurt, cottage cheese,buttermilk,sauerkraut, human muscle cells

Fermentation