Breathing and eating food are very closely related Breathing and eating food are very closely related. Do you think this is true or false? Explain your answer.

Which statement do you most agree with? Explain your answer.

How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!! Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

ATP= November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

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Electron Transport Chain Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration (3-stages) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) ATP Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

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To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Step 1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that takes place in the cytosol of cells in all living organisms. This pathway can function with or without the presence of oxygen. In humans, aerobic conditions produce pyruvate and anaerobic conditions produce lactate. To the electron transport chain

To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

Glycolysis: November 22, 2018November 22, 2018 Where Cytoplasm NO O2 required Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP 6-C glucose  TWO 3-C pyruvates Free e- and H+ combine with organic ion carriers called NAD+  NADH + H+ (nicotinamide dinucleotide) November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

Summary In Glucose (6-C) 2 ATP Out 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C) 2NADH a net of 2 ATP November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

Questions November 22, 2018November 22, 2018 Where does glycolysis take place? Glycolysis energy yield? Breaks glucose into TWO ________. November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

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Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Where Mitochondrial matrix Energy Yield 2 ATP and more e- Pyruvic acid  Acetyl-CoA  CITRIC ACID Gives off a CO2 molecule NAD+ and FAD pick up the released e- Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

Summary Out In CO2 (as waste) Pyruvate NADH NAD Acetyl-CoA CoA November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

Krebs Cycle November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

ETC Where inner membrane of mitochondria Energy Yield Total of 32 ATP O2 combines with TWO H+ to form H2O Exhale - CO2, H2O comes from cellular respiration November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production

Total ENERGY Yield Glycolysis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 2 ATP ETC  32 ATP Total 36 ATP November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

What happens if NO O2? Cellular respiration process STOPS November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic ATP, ATP, ATP Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen Simple fast produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP) Aerobic requires oxygen Yields large amounts of energy What is this energy molecule? ATP, ATP, ATP November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

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Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen Anaerobic Respiration NO Additional ATP is Formed NO O2 leads to Fermentation Two Types Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

Lactic Acid Fermentation bacteria, plants and most animals After glycolysis 2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----Exercise November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

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Alcoholic Fermentation Bacteria and fungi (yeast) Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages Also used to raise dough, bread November 22, 2018November 22, 2018

Cellular Respiration Review Three Main Stages Glycolysis (2 ATP) Kreb’s Cycle (2 ATP) Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP) November 22, 2018November 22, 2018