Transformation of Matter Conservation of Matter

Transformation All matter has the ability to transform, ie. Change There are 3 types of transformations Physical Chemical Nuclear

Transformations Physical: does not modify the nature, or the characteristic properties of the matter. The atom and the molecule does not change. Chemical: does modify the nature and the characteristic properties of the matter, implies a rearrangement of the connections between atoms and the formation of new molecules. Nuclear: implies a rearrangement of particles in the nucleus and the formation of new elements

Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation?

Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation? Emission of gas

Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation? Emission of gas Emission or absorption of heat

Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation? Emission of gas Emission or absorption of heat Emission of light

Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation? Emission of gas Emission or absorption of heat Emission of light Color change

Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation? Emission of gas Emission or absorption of heat Emission of light Color change Formation of a precipitation

Interpretation CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) This means: Methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water Symbol Physical State s solid l liquid g gas aq aqueous

Conservation of Mass Think back… Nothing created, nothing lost, all is constant The law of conservation of mass: the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products

Balancing Equations When we write chemical equations we must balance, according to the law of conservation of mass Therefore take the example of the formation of ammonia N2(g) + H2(g) NH3(g) Count the atoms

Unbalanced vs Balanced N2(g) + H2(g) NH3(g) 2 Nitrogen + 2 Hydrogen 1 Nitrogen 3 Hydrogen N2(g) + H2(g) 2 NH3(g) 2 Nitrogen + 2 Hydrogen 2 Nitrogen 6 Hydrogen N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) 2 Nitrogen + 6 Hydrogen 2 Nitrogen 6 Hydrogen

Unbalanced vs Balanced CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O 1 Carbon + 4 Hydrogen + 2 Oxygen 1 Carbon 2 Oxygen + 2 Hydrogen 1 Oxygen CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O 1 Carbon + 4 Hydrogen + 2 Oxygen 1 Carbon 2 Oxygen + 4 Hydrogen 2 Oxygen CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O 1 Carbon + 4 Hydrogen + 4 Oxygen 1 Carbon 2 Oxygen + 4 Hydrogen 2 Oxygen

Photosynthesis CO2 (g) + H2O (l) C6H12O6 (s) + O2 (g) What is the balanced equation?

Photosynthesis CO2 (g) + H2O (l) C6H12O6 (s) + O2 (g) What is the balanced equation? 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g)

Acid-Base Neutralization This is a reaction where an acid and a base react to form the products salt and water Acid + Base Salt + Water Acid H+ Base OH- HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Acid-Base Examples: 1. HF + KOH KF + H2O 2. H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 MgSO4 (s) + H2O 3. HBr + Ca(OH)2 CaBr2 (s) + H2O