Eugenics

RACE Race Where did race come from? How has race changed over time? a : a family, tribe, people, or nation belonging to the same stock b : a class or kind of people unified by shared interests, habits, or characteristics WEBSTERS Dictionary Where did race come from? How has race changed over time?

Federal Government’s definitions American Indian or Alaskan Native. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintains tribal affiliation or community recognition. Asian. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. Black or African American. A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa. Terms such as "Haitian" or "Negro" can be used in addition to "Black or African American." Hispanic or Latino. A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture of origin, regardless of race. The term "Spanish origin" can be used in addition to "Hispanic or Latino.” Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. White. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.

Define Eugenics If you had a baby or could manipulate your own genes to control/stop/increase the following would you? WHY/WHY NOT? Disease Intelligence Athletic ability Criminal behavior Alcoholism

What kind of society do you want to live in? What was this about? Why does Iceland have such a low birthrate for Down Syndrome? What are the arguments 1. FOR and 2. AGAINST getting screened for potential birth defects? Would you want to get tested? Why or why not? Do you agree with Dr. Olafsdottir that abortion isn’t murder, that “life is grey”? Why or why not? Are health concerns for the mother or baby a legitimate reason to get an abortion? Are there ever legitimate reasons?

Traits Help each other identify the traits on the sheet. Add up each column at the bottom.

Is Personality Inherited or is it Environment? 70% of European descent can left handed 10% Studies personality is 40-50% inherited Is Personality Inherited or is it Environment?

Depends on where you live. Higher attached in asia

Left over 55%

Right over 55%

Tented Arch Whorl Arch Loop Tented- less than 1% Whorl- 25-35% Arch 5% Loop 60-70% Arch Loop

Brown- 55%. Blue 8%. Hazel 5-8%. Green 2% Brown- 55%. Blue 8%. Hazel 5-8% Green 2%. Silver/grey/amber –less than 1%

More common in women. Hard to define what is and what isnt

Traits Why are traits so important? What problems can arise from people’s physical differences? Can you think of examples in history where physical traits were looked at as being superior or inferior?

Who do you trust? Where would you rank the above? Why? Politicians Police Teachers Doctors Lawyers Scientists Where would you rank the above? Why? What is more powerful: something visual or written? Why?

Rank the following people in these categories Blacks Hispanics Whites NA’s Asians SPORTS/ATHLETIC ABILITY INTELLIGENCE ETHICS/MORALS

QUESTIONS? Would you rather be : SICK OR HEALTHY DUMB OR INTELLIGENT BAD OR GOOD WEAK OR STRONG

Ranking Humankind What was going on in the world to lead to rankings? Enlightenment Linnaeus (1730’s) 1.European-pale, clever, inventive 2. NA- red, eager, passionate 3. Asiatic- yellow, inflexible, severe 4. African- black, slow, negligent Blumenbach (1795) 1. Negro 2. Mongolian 3. Malay 4. American Indian 5.Caucasian

Ranking Humankind Camper Monogenesis (DEFINE) Outer state reflected inner state Ranked people using past Greeks and Romans as ideal 100 degree angle Europeans 90 degrees Africans 70 degrees PROBLEMS?

Science and Prejudice POLYGENESIS What did Morton believe about brain size? Europeans Fair skin highest intelligence fairest Asians Olive skin ingenious imitative highly susceptible to learning Compared to monkeys bc easily distracted Native Americans Brown skin Averse to cultivation slow in knowledge fond of war Mental capacity of a child Africans Black skin Lowest educational humanity little invention imitative Musically inclined

Science and Prejudice Science, skulls and mustard seeds Morton influenced Agassiz Agassiz trained prominent professors of natural history Saying they were a separate species Science, skulls and mustard seeds Morton did an experiment with skulls Found 1. Caucasian 2. Malay 3. Blacks 4. NA Self-fulfilling prophecy PROBLEMS: 1. Not many skulls used 2. uneven #’s 3. no mention of sex and age with skulls used 4. couldn’t be replicated

Industrial Revolution How did this lead to Eugenics study? A. People moving to cities increases: 1. Crime 2. Poverty 3. Disease B. Blacks/immigrants start getting more job opportunities Reaction? Francis Galton (coined term Eugenics) Problem Upper class more intelligent but poor had higher BR’s Believed eugenics could solve this

Galton Said Must be WHY? People would rather be: Healthy than sick Vigorous than weak Intelligent than dumb Would you agree with those statements? Must be 1. an academic question 2. studied through science WHY?

Galton’s Mistakes Disregarded evidence: 1. Found poor did as well on intelligence tests (said it was flawed) 2. Regression towards mean

Eugenics and the Promise of Progress Scientists believed Eugenics would: 1. Reduce crime 2. End some diseases 3. Increase intelligence 1904 Charles Davenport opened Cold Spring Harbor US led the worldwide Eugenics Movement

Tracking Inherited Traits Davenport 1. studied family trees (pedigree charts) 2. Sent students into poor houses A. to observe B. interview neighbors Cold Spring Harbor concluded: (Inherited) 1. Sexual immorality 3. Alcoholism 2. Criminality 4. Insanity PROBLEMS?

White Man’s Burden Define Imperialism Spanish-American War Yellow journalism Outcome 1. Cuba gets independence 2. Guam and Puerto Rico to US 3. Philippines under US control A. Give back (help fight) B. Civilize them

Who may enter? Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Should we limit certain people from coming in the country now? If so who? Why? Disease Education Employability