“…whereas you are become a body politic, using amongst yourselves civil government, and are not furnished with any persons of special eminency above the rest, to be chosen by you into office of government; let your wisdom and godliness appear, not only in choosing such persons as do entirely love and will promote the common good, but also in yielding unto them all due honor and obedience in their lawful administrations…” -John Robinson, August 5, 1620

subset of Protestantism Anglican / C of E “still too Catholic” Puritans subset of Protestantism Anglican / C of E “still too Catholic” valued thrift, diligence, morality John Calvin / “Calvinism” salvation depends on the will of God moral lives, devout prayer, Bible study Persecution King Charles I, 1620s destroyed books, banished ministers sought refuge in America Why do you think the English monarchs were worried about the Puritans?

1620, Pilgrims, Mayflower, Plymouth Mayflower Compact – self-govt Emigration 1620, Pilgrims, Mayflower, Plymouth Mayflower Compact – self-govt 1630, John Winthrop, city upon a hill Massachusetts Bay Colony **elected governor** New England NH, ME – met Anglicans RI – radical Puritans, toleration CT – conservative Puritans Toleration? NO! Baptists, Quakers, etc. not welcome Roger Williams – don’t take land from Indians Anne Hutchinson – woman preacher 1692 Salem Witch Trials Why did Roger Williams advocate a separation of church and state?

Making “New England” cleared land, fenced-in fields cattle, sheep, horses, pigs killed wild animals “lazy Indians couldn’t control nature” Pequot War 1630s fur trade – accusation against Pequots English, Narragansett, Mohegans attack “too furious, slays too many men” Pequots wiped out

Praying Towns post-Pequot war closely supervised by missionaries Indians “out of the way” forced to become “English” King Philip’s War 1675, thought Metacom led a rebellion in fact, they were ALL angry Indians devastated towns 1676, Indians starving, no ammo lost most of their lands, fled north contributed to French vs. English conflicts