Warm Up Table of Content: 1-2 blank 3- RAFT 4-FAT 5-SCIENTIFIC METHOD 6-QUICK WRITE/OPTIC 7- 4 SPHERES

What’s the humour?

Let’s Review

The four spheres: 1.) Atmosphere 2.) Geosphere (Lithosphere) 3.) Hydrosphere 4.) Biosphere

#1 Atmosphere Gaseous envelope surrounding the earth Earth is only planet with free oxygen

Layers of the Atmosphere

#2 Lithosphere The earth and it’s physical features and landscapes Includes the upper mantle and crust

#3 Hydrosphere All water at or near the surface of the earth Water is constantly recycled (groundwater, glaciers, oceans, freshwater etc)

#4 Biosphere All living things supported on earth

Event <=> Sphere Causes & Effects Interactions Event <=>Sphere Sphere<=>Sphere

How do processes affect our four spheres? Example: Volcano How does a volcano affect each sphere? Event Volcano Atmosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere

The Tragedy of the Commons

Garrett Hardin Controversial figure Concerned with overpopulation American Ecologist and Microbiologist (1915-2003) Controversial figure Concerned with overpopulation Pro-abortion Pro-population control by government Pro-assisted suicide Anti-immigration Anti-international aid “The Tragedy of the Commons” Published in Science magazine 1968 Had four children Committed suicide together with his wife when he was 88 (she was 81)

Problems with no technical solution Some problems cannot be solved with science, e.g. the arms race. Overpopulation and competition for resources is this kind of problem. Since no technical solution, the solution must be political. Thomas Malthus (1766-1834, English political economist): Population grows exponentially, food supply can only increase arithmetically, so eventually we will starve (or decrease population via wars, disease or anarchy)

The Commons Commons: common land available to all for grazing animals, gathering wood, etc. Tragedy of the commons: every farmer will tend to maximize their own profits by increasing their herd or increasing their gathering of resources without regard to the long-term depletion of the land. This is rational because the benefit to the individual farmer (of, for example, grazing one more animal on the commons) is larger than that farmer’s share of the overall depletion of the shared resource (i.e. the commons). Historical commons: not really a free-for-all. Not public land. Only small number of farmers had inherited limited bundles of rights, numbers of animals were limited.

The New Commons The tragedy of the commons is a metaphor for anything held in common, used by all freely and not regulated. Everyone will maximize his own benefit to the detriment of the whole. Modern “commons” include: The sea -- overfishing The air, the land, rivers -- pollution The public noise level -- sound pollution National parks – overuse The earth itself (energy, food supply, living standards) -- overpopulation

Group Activity Each group will complete the following for your assigned event Group 1 – hurricane Group 2 – deforestation Group 3 – large scale mining project (i.e. oilsands) Group 4 – asteroid hitting earth Group 5 – factories emitting Carbon Dioxide Group 6 - land Slide Group 7- Nuclear Waste Spill Atmosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere

Introduction to Earth Sciences: Earth’s Four Spheres On your whiteboards use a drawing/illustration that indicates what you think the four spheres are. HINT: the four spheres include all aspects of the earth as a planet.

What’s the humour?

The Four Spheres of the Earth label your handout Air/Atmosphere Water/Hydrosphere Land/Lithosphere Life/Biosphere The Four Spheres of the Earth