Development and Structure of Education Bureaucracy Education is based on rules, specialization, procedures, and impersonality Formal Schooling Provided and regulated by society Standardized Schools Good or bad? Open Classroom Non-bureaucratic approach to education based on democracy, flexibility, and non-competiveness

Democratic Reformation in the Classroom Cooperative Learning Instructional method that relies on cooperation among students Integrative Curriculum Teacher and students collaborate on the educational process and what is taught in school

Alternatives to Public School Systems Vouchers Public school funds may be used for public, private, or religious schools Charter Schools Public schools operated like private schools by public school teachers and administrators Magnet Schools Public schools that focus on a particular area such as science For Profit Schools Schools run by private companies on government funds

Functionalist Perspective Manifest Function Recognized and intended result, such as academics, but also transmitting culture, creating a common identity, and promote personal growth and development. Latent Function An action that produces an unintended and unrecognized result What are examples of this in school and in education? Tracking Separating students into groups by academic ability for all subjects or certain classes. Students attend classes with students whose overall academic achievement is the same as their own.

Conflict Perspective Meritocracy Educational Equality A society in which social status is based on ability and achievement It is based on competition Is America a meritocracy? Educational Equality Condition in which schooling produces the same results for lower class and minority children as it does for other children.

Symbolic Interactionism Explores the socialization that occurs in schools. Hidden Curriculum Nonacademic agenda that teaches discipline, order, conformity, and cooperativeness. Values, norms, beliefs, and attitudes Necessary to survive and/or succeed in society.