Section 2 Measurement: Errors, Accuracy, and Precision

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Presentation transcript:

Section 2 Measurement: Errors, Accuracy, and Precision WDYS? (p22) 1. 2. 3. WDYT? 3m vs. 10m = yes OR no 3m vs. 3.01m = yes OR no Investigate – you will measure a given distance by various techniques

1-2 NOTES “Errors in Measurement” In 1-2 INVESTIGATE, you measured distance with: 1. Stride 2. Meter stick 3. Tape measure What did we learn??? There are NO exact measurements With each successive (REPEATED) method, the error range became less

A. Random Errors (human) 1-2 NOTES “Errors in Measurement” A. Random Errors (human) Random Errors  errors that cannot be corrected by calculating The uncertainty can never be completely eliminated, no matter how good the instrument or scientist Uncertainty= [ high measurement – low measurement ] 2 B. Systemic Errors (tool) Systemic Errors  an error produced by using the wrong tool or using the tool incorrectly EXAMPLE You write 4m instead of 4yds

Example: Ava measures the mass of an object 10.2 kg 11.7 kg 12.3 kg What is the value of the mass? (include uncertainty)

C. Accuracy and Precision Accuracy  how close a series of measurements are to an accepted value EXAMPLE NEAR the target area Precision  the frequency with which a measurement produces the same results EXAMPLE GROUPED together

D. Significant Figures ALL non-zeros are significant. How many do we “keep”? Rules for identifying significant figures: ALL non-zeros are significant. All “Sandwiched” zeros are significant Leading zeros are never significant Trailing zeros are only significant if there is a decimal present

D. Significant Figures Where do our numbers come from? 2. Measurement: Get as good as the instrument can take you, estimate one more! Example:

D. Significant Figures (cont.) MATH AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES Adding and subtracting—keep the LEAST number of significant figures AFTER the decimal Multiplying and divining—keep the LEAST number of significant figures.