KEY CONCEPT Technology continually changes the way biologists work.

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KEY CONCEPT Technology continually changes the way biologists work.

Imaging technologies provide new views of life. A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object. light microscopes (LM) Uses light and lenses; magnifies to 2000X; can study living organisms stoma

Imaging technologies provide new views of life. scanning electron microscopes (SEM)- 3-D black and white image of the surface; magnifies to 200,000X; no living specimens stoma

Dust mites tick dust mite

Eyelash mites

Imaging technologies provide new views of life. transmission electron microscopes (TEM) – electrons pass through a specimen; 2D black and white image; no living specimens stoma

Bivalve gill

Imaging technology is used in medicine. X-ray images Pass through dense tissues, bones and teeth

Imaging technology is used in medicine. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Magnetic field shows all tissues, including soft tissues like tendons and ligaments.

Imaging technology is used in medicine. functional MRI (fMRI) Magnetic field can be used to show activity in certain brain regions, while the subject is performing a task.

Computerized tomography (CT or CAT scan) Combines a series of X-ray views taken from many different angles and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of bones and tissues (from Mayo Clinic Web site) Compared to looking down at a slice of bread compared to the whole loaf Risks: too many X-rays can pose a cancer risk, but may be needed in cases of trauma or illness

Complex systems are modeled on computers. Computer models are used to study systems that cannot be studied directly. heart attacks Normal heartbeat effect of medicines on the human body movement of water molecules into and out of a cell spread of a disease through a population Heart attack Computer models are used when experiments are not safe, ethical, or practical.

The tools of molecular genetics give rise to new biological studies. A gene is a segment of DNA that stores genetic information.

Through our understanding of DNA, we can study genetics on a molecular level. molecular genetics genomics

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