NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Binary compounds Física y química 3º E.S.O. SECOND TERM UNIT 2 (SECOND PART): NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Binary compounds FUNDAMENTALS
Elements that attract more to the electrons are placed to the right HCl
1.- CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE To name the binary compounds and the hydroxides, the IUPAC uses the stoichiometric or compositional nomenclature. This nomenclature only takes into account the elements that make up a substance and the proportion in which they are found, but says nothing about their internal structure.
1.- CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE To name the binary compounds and the hydroxides, the IUPAC uses the stoichiometric or compositional nomenclature. This nomenclature only takes into account the elements that make up a substance and the proportion in which they are found, but says nothing about their internal structure.
1.- CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE
There are three forms of stoichiometric nomenclature Using the charge number (Ewens-Basset system) Using multiplicative prefixes: Using the oxidation number (Stock system)
2.- VALANCE AND OXIDATION NUMBERS Valance number: It is a number that represents the combination capacity of a chemical element with others. Hydrogen is used as a reference
2.- VALANCE AND OXIDATION NUMBERS Valance number: It is a number that represents the combination capacity of a chemical element with others. Hydrogen is used as a reference Valance of Li: 1 Valance of S: 2 Valance of N: 3 Valance of Na: 1 Valance of Ca: 2 Valance of C: 4 Valance of Cl: 1
OXIDATION NUMBERS The oxidation number is the electrical charge that the atom in a compound would have if the compound was an ionic substance. Oxidation numbers are used to keep track of how many electrons are lost or gained by each atom.
OXIDATION NUMBERS The atom that gains electrons is placed to the right and has a negative oxidation number. The atom that looses electrons is placed to the left and has a negative oxidation number.
2.- VALANCE AND OXIDATION NUMBERS
2.- VALANCE AND OXIDATION NUMBERS
3.- ELEMENTS and SIMPLE SUBSTANCES Systematic names are based on the number of atoms in the molecule, indicated by a multiplicative prefix from the table below. The prefix ‘mono’ is only used when the element does not normally occur in a monoatomic state. Prefix mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca- Meaning one two three four five six seven eight nine ten S8 and P4 molecules Octasulfur and tetraphosphorus
3.- ELEMENTS and SIMPLE SUBSTANCES Systematic names are based on the number of atoms in the molecule, indicated by a multiplicative prefix from the table below. The prefix ‘mono’ is only used when the element does not normally occur in a monoatomic state. Formula Systematic name Acceptable alternative name Ar argon H monohydrogen N mononitrogen N 2 dinitrogen N 3 trinitrogen O 2 dioxygen oxygen O 3 trioxygen ozone P 4 tetraphosphorus white phosphorus S 6 hexasulfur S 8 octasulfur Prefix mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca- Meaning one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
Prefijos multiplicadores 3.- ELEMENTOS Y SUSTANCIAS SIMPLES Los nombres sistemáticos se basan en el número de átomos en la molécula, indicado por un prefijo multiplicativo de la tabla que sigue. El prefijo 'mono' solo se usa cuando el elemento normalmente no se produce en un estado monoatómico. Elemento Tradicional Prefijos multiplicadores H hidrógeno atómico monohidrógeno H2 hidrógeno molecular dihidrógeno N2 nitrógeno dinitrógeno O2 oxígeno dioxígeno F2 flúor difluor Cl2 cloro dicloro Br2 bromo dibromo I2 yodo diyodo O3 ozono trioxígeno Prefijo mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca- Significado 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10