The River of Life - Blood Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson The River of Life - Blood Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Blood – Did You Know… An average adult has approximately 4.7 L (5 quarts) of blood. Blood comprises about 8% of a person’s total body weight. Blood travels 60,000 mi (96,540 Km) per day in your body. 15 million blood cells die every day and have to be replaced. Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

What is the Composition of Blood? Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson What is the Composition of Blood? Blood is about 78% liquid and 22% solids Four Major Components of Blood Plasma Red Blood Cells (RBC) White Blood Cells (WBC) Platelets Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Blood Plasma—The Liquid of Life Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Blood Plasma—The Liquid of Life Composition: 90% water Ionic salts (electrolytes) Soluble proteins Functions: Helps maintain homeostatic balance Allows for the correct function of muscles and nerves Transports soluble substances Carries factors needed for blood clotting Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Plasma Transports: Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones Antibodies Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Plasma Transports: Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones Antibodies Clotting factors Metabolic wastes Dissolved Gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) Most abundant blood cell 5.2 billion RBC per mL of blood Mature cells lack a nucleus Average Lifespan: 120 Days Used with permission of Brian Garrigan http://health.howstuffworks.com/blood.htm Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Red Blood Cell Facts Can be frozen for ten years Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Red Blood Cell Facts Can be frozen for ten years Hemoglobin makes up 33% of cell mass Primary function is to transport oxygen Help remove carbon dioxide Produced in bone marrow Travel single file through capillaries Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) Types Monocyte Neutrophil Lymphocyte Basophil Eosinophil Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Granulocytes Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils Cytoplasmic granules stain specifically with Wright’s stain Larger and shorter-lived than RBCs Lobed nuclei Phagocytic

Neutrophils Most numerous WBCs Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) Fine granules take up both acidic and basic dyes Give the cytoplasm a lilac color Granules contain hydrolytic enzymes or defensins Very phagocytic—“bacteria slayers”

Eosinophils Red-staining, bilobed nuclei Red to crimson (acidophilic) coarse, lysosome-like granules Digest parasitic worms that are too large to be phagocytized Modulators of the immune response

Basophils Rarest WBCs Large, purplish-black (basophilic) granules contain histamine Histamine: an inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and attracts other WBCs to inflamed sites Are functionally similar to mast cells

(a) Neutrophil; multilobed nucleus (b) Eosinophil; bilobed nucleus, red cytoplasmic granules (c) Basophil; bilobed nucleus, purplish-black cytoplasmic granules Figure 17.10 (a-c)

Agranulocytes Agranulocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes Lack visible cytoplasmic granules Have spherical or kidney-shaped nuclei

Lymphocytes Large, dark-purple, circular nuclei with a thin rim of blue cytoplasm Mostly in lymphoid tissue; few circulate in the blood Crucial to immunity

Two types T cells act against virus-infected cells and tumor cells (direct attack) B cells give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies (gamma globulins)

Monocytes Leave circulation, enter tissues, and differentiate into macrophages Actively phagocytic cells; crucial against viruses, intracellular bacterial parasites, and chronic infections Activate lymphocytes to mount an immune response

(d) Small lymphocyte; large spherical nucleus (e) Monocyte; kidney-shaped nucleus Figure 17.10d, e

White Blood Cell Facts Largest of the blood cells Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson White Blood Cell Facts Largest of the blood cells Normally 5000 to 10,000 WBC per mL blood Variable life span – from a few days to years Produced in bone marrow Part of the immune system Increase in number when infection or inflammation is present Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

White Blood Cells—Functions Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson White Blood Cells—Functions Monocytes and Neutrophils: Destroy bacteria and other foreign materials Signal other immune cells that foreign material is inside body Lymphocytes: Destroy abnormal cells Produce antibodies Moderate immune response Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

White Blood Cells—Functions Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson White Blood Cells—Functions Eosinophils Kill multicellular parasites (e.g. blood fluke) Basophils Can destroy foreign material Involved in inflammation response Involved in development of allergies Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Platelets (Thrombocytes) Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Platelets (Thrombocytes) Formed in bone marrow Not cells, are fragments of precursor cells Lifespan—10 Days Help blood clot by forming “platelet plugs.” Stimulate other clotting factors Approximately 250,000 per mL of blood Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Simulated Blood Smear Used with permission of Ken Hoge Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Simulated Blood Smear Used with permission of Ken Hoge http://texasheart.org/HIC/Anatmy/blood.cfm?&RenderForPrint=1 Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005