Chapter 14 STRESS & EMOTION

DEFINITION The pressures people feel in life. A dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, a demand, or a resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.

A MODEL OF STRESS

STRESS MODEL Causes (Sources) of Stress: Consequences of Stress: Environmental factors Organizational factors Individual factors Consequences of Stress: Physiological symptoms Psychological symptoms Behavioural symptoms

STRESS MODEL (cont.) Individual Differences: Perception Job experience Personality: Type A Type B

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND JOB PERFORMANCE

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND JOB PERFORMANCE (cont.) Low levels of stress - low performance Due to the boredom in performing the tasks as they are not demanding and challenging. High level of stress - low performance Too much stress places unattainable demands on a person. Moderate levels of stress - high performance Resources and energy within an employee are adequate enough to perform the tasks.

MANAGING STRESS Individual Approaches Organizational Approaches

MANAGING STRESS: INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES Implement time management technique Increase physical exercise Relaxation training Expanding social network

MANAGING STRESS: ORGANIZATIONAL APPROACHES Personnel selection and job placement Training Realistic goal setting Redesign jobs and increase employee involvement Improve communication Employee sabbaticals Corporate wellness program

EMOTIONS AND MOODS Emotions Moods Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something which has an object that triggers them. Moods Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and often lack a contextual stimulus.

SOURCES OF EMOTIONS AND MOODS Personality Weather Stress Social activities Sleep Exercise Age Gender

EMOTIONAL LABOUR An employee’s expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work. Is governed by two types of display rules: Feeling rules Expression rules

EMOTIONAL DISSONANCE Occurs when employees are expected to express feelings that contradict with what they actually feel.