Theme: Technology

Irrigation Systems Bringing water from water source to fields for farming Ditches or water wheels Early civilizations create irrigation systems to help with farming and creating enough food for growing populations

Aqueducts Ancient Romans built large bridge-like structures to carry water long distances from water sources to cities and farms Were copied by other civilizations

Gunpowder Invented in the Tang Dynasty of China and its use expanded during the Song Dynasty Initially used in fireworks, then expanded to weapons- canons, fire-lances, etc. Europeans perfected the use of gunpowder in weapons

Printing Press Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1450-first European moveable-type printing press First book printed was the Gutenberg Bible Effects: Books become easier and faster to make Literacy increases in Europe New ideas able to spread quickly- 95 Theses, Enlightenment texts

Caravel/Astrolabe Caravel- ships developed by the Portuguese that combined European square sails and Arab triangular sails, made it easier to sail across/into the wind Astrolabe- instrument used to help determine latitude location in the ocean Both used during the Age of Exploration , allowed for sea exploration and Europeans to reach the Americas

Steam Engine Developed during the Industrial Revolution Coal was used to power steam engines- could build machines without needing to be next to a moving water source Also used for new forms of transportation: steam engine, boats, etc.

Factories Develop during the industrial revolution Built to house machines that are being invented to increase production Flying Shuttle- weaving could happen at a faster place Spinning Jenny- quickly produces thread Results in pollution, poor working conditions, urbanization

Nuclear Power First nuclear weapons were developed/used during WWII (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) Cold War- Nuclear proliferation led to MAD Other nations have developed nuclear capabilities, including some “unfriendly” nations (North Korea, Iran) 17 nations are currently known to have nuclear weapons Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty signed in 1968

Chemical Pesticides Developed during the Green Revolution (1960s) Did help to increase food production, but also led to pollution and huge fear of health risks

Scientific Revolution Develops from the inquiring spirit of the Renaissance Copernicus- heliocentric model of the universe (supported by evidence from Tycho Brahe) Johannes Kepler- planets move in ellipses Galileo Galilei- first telescope, observed movement in the universe Sir Francis Bacon- Scientific method Isaac Newton- gravity