Warm Up: Discuss the rivalry between Athens and Sparta in Ancient Greece.

Hook: What types of things had made Kingman Arizona famous?

Intro Video:

Notes- 4.3 Classical Greece Essential Questions: 1. What political contributions have the Greeks made to later civilization? What cultural contributions have the Greeks made? 2. What is Hellenism? What impact has it had on spreading Greek ideas and culture?

1. Challenges of Persia A. In the mid 6th century, the Persian Empire started to capture the Ionian Greek Cities on Asia Minor (Turkey). a. In the year 499 b.c, Ionian city states stage an unsuccessful revolt backed by the Athenian navy. b. In the year 490 b.c, The Greeks defeated the Persians at the battle of Marathon. bb. The outnumbered Athenian army attacked and defeated the Persians who eventually returned back to Asia. c. Persian King Darius dies in 486 b.c, making his son Xerxes now the King. d. Xerxes sought revenge for the defeat of Marathon.

e. The Persian army marched to Greece in 480 b.c f. The combined forces of the Greeks, led by the Spartans, held the Persians at the battle of Thermopylae for two days, until they were all defeated. h. The Athenian Navy defeated the Persian at the naval battle of Salamis. i. Eventually, a combined Greek army defeated the Persians at the battle of Plataea in 479 b.c. 2. The Athenian Empire A. Athens Leadership a. After the defeat of the Persians, the Athenians formed a defensive alliance against the Persians called the Delian League. b. The league’s main headquarters were located on the island of Delos.

c. Eventually, headquarters were moved to mainland Athens. d. Athenians entered the classical ages or Age of Pericles, under the influence of Pericles, who was a strong democratic leader who expanded both Athenian Empire and Democracy. B. The age of Pericles a. Direct Democracy, a system in which every male citizen participated directly in government decision through mass meetings. b. This became an assembly that met every 10 days to make and pass laws, elect public officials, and decisions concerning war and foreign policy. c. The Athenians created the system of ostracism, which allowed members of the assembly to write names of other members they considered harmful. d. If more than 6,000 members found the same person harmful, they were banned for ten years.

Warm Up: How did the Greeks respond after victory over Persia?

Hook: What are some things that help to divide this community (think schools)? Is this division always good?

Intro Video:

e. Under Pericles, Athens became the center of Greek culture. C. Athenian Society a. Family was an important institution to Athenian life. b. Families primary responsibility was to produce new citizens. c. Women were expected to remain in the house unless accompanied by a male. d. Men were head of the house, responsible for the well being of the family. c. Children went to school, length of time depended on your gender. 3. The Peloponnesian War A. After the defeat of the Persians, the Greeks split into two groups. a. The first group, the Athenian Empire and the Delian League. b. The second group, the Peloponnesian League, consisting of Sparta and its Allies.

B. This division of Greece, lead to a war that lasted for over 25 years. a. Both sides thought they had the winning strategy. b. The Athenians wanted to remain behind their walled city. c. The Spartans wanted to draw the Athenians out and fight a land battle in which they knew, as well the Athenians, they were superior. d. The Athenians experienced hard times as a plague destroyed a third of their city. C. Crushing Blow a. In the year 405 b.c, the Athenian navy was destroyed at Aegospotami (ee-guh-spah-tuh-mee).

b. The next year, the Athenians were defeated and everything torn down b. The next year, the Athenians were defeated and everything torn down. Its Empire was destroyed. D. End of an Era a. The Great Peloponnesian War weakened Greece city states. b. Ruined all possibilities of cooperation between city states. c. Eventually, the Greeks would lose their freedom to Macedonia from the north.

Section Review Questions w/ partner Page 123 #2-5 2. Athens had helped the Ionian cities in their earlier revolt against the Persians. 3. Expanded Athen’s Empire, Expanded Democracy, Allowed poor citizens to hold public office, Rebuilt Athens after Persian Wars, Allowed art, philosophy, and architecture to flourish. 4. Persian wars ended with Greek dominance over the Aegean basin. Peloponnesian war ended with Athens destroyed and all Greek states weakened. 5. Athens became an empire and leader of the entire Greek world.

Closing Thoughts What were some of the reasons for the downfall of Athens?