24 May 2011 Mr. Al Shaffer Principal Deputy ASD(R&E) Hypersonics 24 May 2011 Mr. Al Shaffer Principal Deputy ASD(R&E) Unclassified

Connecting Researchers to the Warfighter Unclassified President Obama, State of the Union, January 25, 2011 “The first step in winning the future is encouraging American innovation. Our free enterprise system is what drives innovation. But because it’s not always profitable for companies to invest in basic research, throughout our history, our government has provided cutting-edge scientists and inventors with the support they need. Two years ago, I said that we needed to reach a level of research and development , we haven’t seen since the Space Race. And in a few weeks I’ll be sending a budget to Congress that helps us meet that goal. We’ll invest in biomedical research, information technology, and especially clean energy technology -- an investment that will strengthen our security, protect our planet, and create countless new jobs for our people.   Maintaining our leadership in research and technology is crucial to America’s success. But if we want to win the future - - if we want innovation to produce jobs in America and not overseas – then we also have to win the race to educate our kids. Over the next 10 years, with so many baby boomers retiring from our classrooms, we want to prepare 100,000 new teachers in the fields of science and technology and engineering and math.” Investment in Basic and Applied Research is a commitment to the future warfighter

Thoughts from the Secretary of Defense Unclassified “These budget decisions took place in the context of a nearly two year effort by the DoD to reform the way the Pentagon does business – to change how and what we buy…We have protected programs that support military people, readiness, and modernization…We still live in a very dangerous and often unstable world. Our military must remain strong and agile enough to face a diverse range of threats – from non-state actors attempting to acquire and use weapons of mass destruction and sophisticated missiles, to the more traditional threats of other states… ” Secretary Gates, Budget Rollout Hearing 14 Feb 2011 “Directed DoD to fund 2% real growth in Basic Research and to maintain stable funding in the rest of S&T for FY12-FY16. In real terms, the FY12 S&T budget request is almost 29% greater than the request in FY 2000.” OSD/PA News Release, 2/14/11

Key Themes Taking Care of People Rebalancing the Military From Under Secretary Robert Hale 1 Feb 2010 Budget Rollout Brief and Secretary Gates 2010 Budget Rollout Brief Taking Care of People Rebalancing the Military Reforming What and How We Buy Supporting our Troops in the Field MRAP Dash MRAP MaxxPro Plus Hardwire Armor Coverage Hardwire Armor Coverage Unclassified

Assistant Secretary of Defense Research and Engineering Imperatives Accelerate delivery of technical capabilities to win the current fight. Prepare for an uncertain future. Reduce the cost, acquisition time and risk of our major defense acquisition programs. Develop world class science, technology, engineering, and mathematics capabilities for the DoD and the Nation. QDR Missions’ Architectures Fast Track Studies -Electronic Warfare -Computer Science -Cyber Operations -Energy & Water -Rapid Capability Tool Kit Task Forces Helo Survivability Base Protection Tag, Track, Locate C-IED SIG Support Helicopter Alert & Threat Termination-Acoustic (HALTT-A ) Threat sensors mounted to fuselage exterior MRAP-ATV Stiletto PGSS Unclassified

Anti-Access/Area Denial (AA/AD) US has held a distinct capability advantage using advanced technology system for 20 years LO Platforms Precision Weapons Air Control of Assets Undersea Systems Space Systems Some of these advantages are in challenge now, presenting a greater anti-access/area denial challenge One class of solutions lies in high-speed/hypersonic weapons High Speed Systems provide a new category of advanced weapons to overcome conventional AP/AD Unclassified

National Aerospace Initiative Dr Ron Sega Brief to Congress--2004 25 Hydrogen Scramjet Mach 8-15 Production 15 X-Vehicles Hydrocarbon Scramjet Mach 4-7 Space Access NAI Ramjet Mach 3-4 Mach Number 10 Strike Aircraft X-15 High Speed Turbine Mach 2-4 5 SR-71 XB-70 Missiles Although our nation demonstrated higher speed flight capability in the late 50’s and early 60’s, we have pursued a subsonic, lower speed development path in most of our systems. There are probably many reasons for this, among them stealth capabilities in the 1980’s. However, as foreign economic competition and foreign pursuit of high speed technologies increase, 15-20 years from now may require our forces to have higher speed capabilities to be survivable and defendable. The NAI hypersonics goals are to demonstrate a Mach number /Year capability through 2012. This strategy would result in a major demonstration about every 2 years. High speed turbines and ram/scramjet missile demonstrations would be pursued first, followed by a Mach 7 reusable air platform demonstration. Finally, higher Mach number demonstrations of interceptor technologies would be completed. Concorde F-4 F-16 F-117 B-2 F-22 F-15 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 NAI Hypersonic Component Technology Development and Ground Demonstrations Hypersonic System Technology Development and Flight Demonstrations Unclassified

Value of Speed -- Time Critical Targets -- Dr Ron Sega Brief to Congress--2004 Fast strike weapon velocity and range capabilities Deterrent: single launch platform holds rogue states’ targets at risk Platform Survivability: short fly-out time from a safe standoff range Typical Subsonic Weapon 7 min Footprint 500 nmi . 50 nmi Hypersonic Weapon Launch Point Hypersonic Cruise Missile Kills Time-Critical Targets Survivable Without Stealth Logistically Supportable Avoids Tactical Ballistic Missile Launches Increased Operational Effectiveness With Smaller Mission Package Hard and Deeply Buried Targets IRAQ IRAN KUWAIT SYRIA TURKEY Persian Gulf Caspian Sea QATAR 500 nmi Radius 50 nmi Subsonic Weapon 7 minute Coverage Advantageous in Sustainment q Hypersonic Weapon Launch Point Unclassified

High Speed / Hypersonics Options -- Engine Combinations / Capability Off-Ramps -- Dr Ron Sega Brief to Congress--2004 Combined Cycle Engines (Accelerator) Hydrogen Powered Scramjets Combined Cycle Engines (Cruise) Hydrocarbon / Hydrogen Powered Scramjets Access to Space Responsive/Flexible Mach 8-12 Hydrocarbon Ram / Scramjets Rapid Strike / Recce Aircraft Rapid Global Response Mach 5-10 Turbine Engines Hypersonic Interceptor Long-Range/100,000 ft Cruise Mach 10+ Vision: Provide Revolutionary Hypersonic Capabilities in the Areas of Fast Strike/Intercept Weapons; Global Strike Aircraft; and Safe, Responsive, Affordable Access to Space. The ultimate goal is a two-stage to orbit, access to space capability with a first stage air-breathing concept to allow for responsive and flexible access to space. Along the way, materials, airframe and propulsion technologies can be demonstrated on expendable flight demonstrators that produce off-ramp supersonic and hypersonic missile capabilities. In the mid-term, hypersonic missile propulsion concepts such as scramjets can be combined with either rocket or turbine-based combined cycle concepts to allow for a long-range strike/recce hypersonic platform capability. Fast Response Standoff Weapon Rapid Response Time-Critical Targets Mach 5-8 Aircraft & Missiles Today Mach 0-3 Near-Term Mid-Term Far-Term 2002 2008 2016 2025 Unclassified

Hypersonics Research … A Study in Mixed Results Successes X-15 Space Shuttle X-43A Did not meet goals Aerospaceplane NASP X-33 Photos courtesy NASA, Richard Hallion Unclassified

What is the Problem? Hypersonics Research—One Size Does not Fit All Hypersonic Cruise Missile not the Same as Two-Stage to Orbit Help the DoD Walk Before Running Use Early Case Demonstrations to Build the Tech Base Unclassified

Diagnosis What’s worked… reasonable scope and risk Space shuttle re-entry as a hypersonic glide vehicle (unpowered), limited maneuvering at high Mach numbers X-15 rocket powered, moderate hypersonic Mach numbers (Mach 4-6+) X-43A focus on 2D scramjet propulsion What hasn’t… bridges too far Large scale, single-stage to orbit launch vehicles and space planes Very large propulsion systems (especially air breathing) with limited experience Key challenge… scramjet propulsion Limited flight test data (X-43A total of 17 seconds with hydrogen fuel) Hydrocarbon fuels Scale up? Combined cycles? Air vehicle challenges – longer flight times in severe environment Unclassified

Success!!! X-51A First Flight (All results preliminary) Release at 49.5k ft, Mach 0.78 (nominal) Boost to Mach 4.8 (nominal) Booster separation (nominal) Engine ignition at Mach 4.7 (nominal) Light on ethylene and transition to JP-7 Climb and acceleration to Mach ~4.9 Engine performance nominal Lost telemetry at 210 seconds, vehicle still accelerating Flight terminated as planned 5 seconds after loss of telemetry Unclassified

Prognosis Coming years critical for hypersonics technology development Major flight tests recently completed: X-51A, HTV-2, HyFly Transition opportunities? Upcoming flight tests: X-51A, HTV-2 Build on recent success End of efforts started under National Aerospace Initiative Transition into regular research portfolios Credible, reasonable scope and stable, focused research programs key to continued success Unclassified

Technology Development Approach Near Term Mid Term Far Term Conventional Prompt Global Strike Capabilities Aerodynamics Long Range ISR Adaptive Guidance & Health Mgmt Long Range Cruise Missiles Turbine-Based Combined Cycle TSTO Space Access Thermal Protection Systems Deep Strike High-Speed Turbines Rocket-Based Combined Cycle U.S. Hypersonic Tech Base Scramjets Reusable Structures Technologies Time Unclassified

Major Tech Base Activities Hypersonic International Flight Research and Experimentation (HIFiRE) NASA Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition (HyBoLT) High-Speed Turbine Engine Demonstrator (HiSTED) Robust Scramjet Falcon Combined-cycle Engine Technology (FaCET) Mode Transition (MoTr) NASA TBCC Activities High Temperature Materials and Structures NASA Structurally Integrated Thermal Protection Systems Hypervelocity Projectile Long-Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM) Fully-reusable Access to Space Technologies (FAST) Hybrid Unclassified

Vision To advance flight into the hypersonic regime to enable truly transformational military capabilities Unclassified

Foundational Research Unclassified

Prognosis This year critical for hypersonics technology development Major flight tests: X-51A, HTV-2, HyFly Transition opportunities? End of efforts started under National Aerospace Initiative Transition into regular research portfolios Credible, reasonable scope and stable, focused research programs key to continued success Unclassified