Doing the Research Sylvia 9410075A Nita 9410103A Fifi 9410059A

a. What information to look for 1. eassys, book chapters, magazine, newspaper, journal articles, treatises 2. Three broad categories (1). single-fact information (2). general information (3). in-depth information

a-1. Single-fact information What: specific factual questions For Example: How many typhoons does Taiwan have this year? How to get answer: dictionary, encyclopedias, magazines…etc.

a-2. General information What: an overview of a subject or a particular topic For example: the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 甲午戰爭 (when, what, who, where..) How to get answer: libraries, encyclopedias

a-3. In-depth information What: cover a topic in detail For example: 世界危機：第一次世界大 戰回憶錄 How to get answer: books, essays, articles, internet Research Paper: contain three kinds

b. Where to look for information Ask your librarian An online encyclopedia The Library of Congress’s online catalog for books Consult Appendix B Google Bibliography

7. Computerized library catalog 8. Book Review Digest 10. Who’s Who 9. Standard dictionary or go to Dictionary.com. 10. Who’s Who 11. Consult gazetteers and atlases

b-1. General indexes Magazines, newspapers and journals Magazine: Times, Newsweek, National Geographic Newspaper: New York Times, the Washington Post Journals: Kenyon Review, Scientific American Magazines & Newspapers: cover topical subject Journals: specialized focus

b-3. using interviews and surveys b-2. Special indexes Special subjects b-3. using interviews and surveys Interview: experts Survey: psychology or the social science b-4. Corresponding by e-mail Ask the right questions to expert through E-mail. b-5. Attending lectures, concerts, or art

C. Assembling a working bibliography A list of sources on the research topic The working bibliography: consult The final bibliography: alphabetical list bibliography cards = 3*5cards Contain possible sources, why sources may be useful

Reasons for using bibliography cards Know the location Change the order Not lose citation stored on cards Bibliography card: ancient, easy to use and convenience Be recorded on two kinds of cards: The title on the smaller bibliography Notes from the source on the larger note card

The process Recorded each source on 3*5 card Use the same format bibliography card Upper right- hand corner – where Upper left-hand corner – number or internet address

The process Recorded each source on 3*5 card Use the same format bibliography card Upper right- hand corner – where Upper left-hand corner – number or internet address

e. Note-taking 4×6 note cards A need of various material and resources Your ideas should be derived from other’s research

e-1. Choosing the number of notes No standard for choosing the number of notes Avoid too many quotations and paraphrases Avoid too many your own ideas Give your opinionated conclusions and the evidence and other supporting opinions

e-2. Formatting the note cards Use 4×6 cards Write in ink rather than pencil One idea or quotation on one card Indentify the source of the note in the upper left-hand corner of the card Jot down in the upper right-hand corner of the card a general heading for the information the card contains

e-3. Using the computer to take notes Two approaches: 1.Download material and print it out, highlighting the useful passages. 2.Organize the electronic sources by folder and files, and later use the copy-and paste function to transfer quotations into your rough draft. It’s handy for filing Labeling system Bibliography card

e-4. Using a copy machine to take notes Easier Lose the original source of the information Suggestions: 1.Always write down the details and the bibliographic information 2.Be neat about the pages you copy.

e-5. Kinds of notes Provide documentation in support your thesis Four kinds: a. The summary b. The paraphrase c. The quotation d. The personal comment

Some facts are quoted in detail, but others are just summarized. a. The summary A summary is a condensation of significant facts from an original piece of writing. Some facts are quoted in detail, but others are just summarized.

b. The paraphrase Paraphrase is restatement of text or passage, using other words. 2 Goals

c. The quotation A quotation reproduces an author’s words. Avoid overusing quoted material The rules for placing the quotations on the note: a. put quotation marks (“”) around the quotation. b. introduce the quotation or place it in proper context. c. copy quotations exactly as they are written.

d. The personal comment The personal comments are ideas, or conclusions that occur to your during the research.

d Selecting your sources: Skimming

Major ideas of skimming Preface Index Chapter heading First and two sentence Opening paragraph Concluding paragraph Every fourth or fifth sentence

d-1 Primary and secondary sources Primary sources: original writings Secondary sources: commentary on primary sources by others

d-2 Evaluating sources of evidence Choosing source that hit your leading point Recognizing the viewpoint of articles Confirming the credit of the source Noting the date Practicing to judge and analyze Ensuring statistics

f Plagiarism and how to avoid it

Avoiding plagiarism Recording the note Using quotation marks Recording the bibliography entry

Citation must listed with author and source Ideas Facts or data Special expression Copy verbatim Any information used in research paper