Mitigating the Loss of Life: The Rescue Task Force Approach Assistant Fire Chief Val Gale Assistant Police Chief Jason Zdilla

Active Shooter Defined One or more subjects who participate in a random or systematic shooting spree, demonstrating their intent to continuously harm others. The overriding objective of an active killer appears to be that of mass murder, rather than other criminal conduct such as robbery, hostage taking, etc. It also includes anyone who uses any other deadly weapon to systematically or randomly inflict death or serious bodily harm on others over a continuous or extended period of time. - National Tactical Officer’s Association Discuss what is not an active shooter situation – commercial or residential hostage situation, criminal barricaded subject, criminal event shooting – suspect shooting only intended victim and either fleeing or committing suicide,

Not a new phenomenon 1966 University of Texas, Austin 1984 McDonalds, San Ysirdo CA 1986 Edmond OK, USPS Shooting 1991 Luby’s Cafeteria, Kileen, TX 1999 Columbine 2006 Platte County High School 2006 Amish School Shooting 2007 Trolley Square Mall UT 2007 Virginia Tech 2007 Ward Parkway Mall, KS City 2011 Gabriel Gifford, Tucson AZ 2012 Newtown, CT 2014 Berrendo Middle School 2014 Fort Hood Army Base, TX 2015 Pulse Nightclub 2016 Dallas Protest, TX 2017 Las Vegas Concert, NV First documented deliberate killing of school kids – Brown massacre – Greencastle PA – Ottawa Tribe 1966 University of Texas at Austin, Charles Whitman 1984 McDonalds shooting, San Ysirdo CA, James Huberty 1986 Edmond OK, USPS Shooting, Patrick Henry Sherrill 1991 Kileen, TX Lubys Cafertia 1999 Columbine, Kebold, Harris 2006 Platte County High School, Duane Morrison 2006 Amish School Shooting, Charles Carl Roberts 2007 Trolley Square Mall, Salt Lake UT, Sulejam Talvoic 2007 Virginia Tech – Cho Sueng Hui 2007 Ward Parkway Mall, Kansas City, Missouri, David Logsdon Has social media caused an increased feeling of being invovled with the incident? Incidents occurred between 2000-2017 https://www.fbi.gov/about/partnerships/office-of-partner-engagement/active-shooter-incidents-graphics

Active Shooters: An Increasing Trend FBI Findings 250 active shooter incidents from 2000 to 2017 70% occurred in educational or commerce environments Across more than 40 states Estimated that a total of 2,107 casualties during this period 799 killed and 1,308 wounded Sources 2000-2013: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view 2014-2015: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/activeshooterincidentsus_2014-2015.pdf/view 2016-2017: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-incidents-us-2016-2017.pdf/view

Our Obligation, their Expectation Officer response – direct to threat Fallacy of PD being able to extract victims effectively and timely

Chandler Mall Shooting

Rescue Task Force A team deployed to provide point of wound care to victims where there is an on going ballistic or explosive threat. Teams treat, stabilize, and remove the injured while under the dedicated protection of law enforcement officers.

City of Chandler: Response to a Mass Shooting Incident

Chandler Response Model Average Mass shooting resulted in a median of four casualties EMS personnel provide vital prehospital care Managing a massive hemorrhage Airway control Ensuring circulation However, EMS personnel must wait until the scene is secured before entering Can be hours for large locations (e.g., mall) This practice maximizes the loss of life. Source: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view Shooter enters building 00:00:00 Victim shot and compensated shock begins PD Responds Rescue Task Force enters building

Chandler Response Model Average Mass shooting resulted in a median of four casualties EMS personnel provide vital prehospital care Managing a massive hemorrhage Airway control Ensuring circulation However, EMS personnel must wait until the scene is secured before entering Can be hours for large locations (e.g., mall) This practice maximizes the loss of life. Source: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view Victim shot and compensated shock begins 00:00:15 Victim may have as little as 3-4 minutes before the body’s compensation mechanisms begin to fail. Shooter enters building

Chandler Response Model Average Mass shooting resulted in a median of four casualties EMS personnel provide vital prehospital care Managing a massive hemorrhage Airway control Ensuring circulation However, EMS personnel must wait until the scene is secured before entering Can be hours for large locations (e.g., mall) This practice maximizes the loss of life. Source: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view PD Responds “Direct to Threat” 00:04:00 Victim shot and compensated shock begins Shooter enters building PD briefs FD

Chandler Response Model Average Mass shooting resulted in a median of four casualties EMS personnel provide vital prehospital care Managing a massive hemorrhage Airway control Ensuring circulation However, EMS personnel must wait until the scene is secured before entering Can be hours for large locations (e.g., mall) This practice maximizes the loss of life. Source: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view PD briefs FD 00:06:00 Victim shot and compensated shock begins PD Responds “Direct to Threat” Rescue Task Force enters building

Chandler Response Model Average Mass shooting resulted in a median of four casualties EMS personnel provide vital prehospital care Managing a massive hemorrhage Airway control Ensuring circulation However, EMS personnel must wait until the scene is secured before entering Can be hours for large locations (e.g., mall) This practice maximizes the loss of life. Source: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view PD briefs FD 00:06:00 Victim shot and compensated shock begins PD Responds “Direct to Threat” Rescue Task Force enters building

Chandler Response Model Chief Dwiggins: “Direct to threat” Rescue Task Force enters building 00:08:00 Victim shot and compensated shock begins Shooter enters building PD briefs FD

Chandler Response Model FD stops victim’s bleeding 00:10:00 Rescue Task Force enters the building Victim Evacuated Victim treated in secure location

Chandler Response Model Victim evacuated 00:12:00 Rescue Task Force enters the building 00:08:00 FD stops victim’s bleeding 00:10:00 Victim triaged in secure location 00:00:00

Chandler Response Model Victim treated in secure location 00:14:00 Rescue Task Force enters the building FD stops victim’s bleeding Victim evacuated

Critical Factors in Developing a Successful Rescue Task Force Response Policy Development Organizational Buy-in Unified command Interop - shared radio / frequency of use City management – budget needs Continuous refinement of processes

Critical Factors in Developing a Successful Rescue Task Force Response Joint Training and Interoperability Evaluate, adjust, re-train as necessary Unified command Interop - shared radio / frequency of use City management – budget needs Continuous refinement of processes

Walmart OIS

Contact Us Assistant Police Chief Jason Zdilla Chandler Police Department (480) 782-4102 Assistant Fire Chief Val Gale Chandler Fire Department (480) 782-2120