Астроиклим муаммолари

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Presentation transcript:

Астроиклим муаммолари Собит Илёсов Узбекистон Фанлар академияси Улугбек номидаги астрономия иниститути Илмий ишлар буйича директор уринбосари

Астроиклимнинг асосий параметрлари Булутсиз кунлар сони Атмосфера шаффофлиги Осмон фони Тасвир сифати

Жахоннинг энг машхур обсерваториялари

Чилидаги Ла Силла обсерваторияси

Гавай оролларидаги Мауна Кеа обсерваторияси

Шимолий Кавказ (Россия)даги 6-м телескоп

Чилидаги Параналь обсерваториясидаги 8-м лик телескоплар минораси Чилидаги Параналь обсерваториясидаги 8-м лик телескоплар минораси

Мак-Марс Пирс Куёш телескопи

Диаметри 15 м булган радиотелескоп (Чили, ЕЖО)

Аресибодаги диаметри 305 м булган радиотелскоп

РФ ФА Физика институтига карашли диаметри 600 м булган «РАТАН» радиотелескопи

UBAl structure

Асосий тадкикот йуналишлари Қуёш физикаси, гелиосейсмология, астросейсмология; - юлдуз пайдо бўлиш соҳаларида ёш ностационар юлдузлар; - Галактикадан ташқи объектлар CCD-фотометрияси: квазарлар, гравитацион линзлар ва фаол ядроли галактикалар; - Ойнинг кулранг ёғдусини қайд этиш асосида Ер глобал исишини мониторинг қилиш; - релятивистик астрофизика, қора ўра атрофидаги зарралар ва майдонлар, айланувчи ва тебранувчи магнитланган нейтрон юлдузларнинг электромагнит нурланиши; - астроиқлим тадқиқотлари; - космик геодинамика методлари билан Ер айланиши параметрларини мониторинг қилиш; - ночизиқли ва нотурғун галактикаларни моделлаш; - Ерни дистанцион зондлаш ва ГИС, сунъий йўлдошлар телекоммуникацияси ва навигацион тизимлар. Суфа платосида қурилаётган РТ-70 радиотелескопи учун илмий масалалар қўйиш.

Ноёб илмий объектлар ва ишлаб чиқариш: - CCD-камера (600 Series SI 4096x4096,Spectral Instruments Inc) билан жиҳозланган 1.5 м ли АЗТ-22 телескопи; - CCD-камерали тўртта Цейс телескопи; - Ойнинг кулранг ёғдусини қайд этувчи ва астросейсмология робот-телескопи; - Атмосфера тасвир сифатини қайд этувчи DIMM-телескоп; - GPS ва DORIS геопозицион сислемаларининг Ерда қабул қилувчи қурилмалари; - 10 га яқин кичик телескоплар; - Ернинг сунъий йўлдошларидан олинган тасвирларни қайта ишлаш ва ГИС ни юритиш учун дастурий таъминот.

Maidanak Observatory is located at the south-east of the Republic of Uzbekistan at a distance of about 120 km south of the famous historical city of Samarkand.

Maidanak Observatory Altitude is 2600 m above sea level Longitude 66˚56’ E Latitude 38˚41’ N Not far from ancient cities Samarkand and Bukhara Belongs to UBAI - Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences Telescopes: One 1.5 m AZT-22 (Litcarino, Russia) Two 1 m (Karl ZEISS) Three 0.6 m (LOMO) And smaller ones

1.5m telescope AZT-22 1.5m telescope AZT-22 with liquid nitrogen cooled CCD-camera (SI 4096x4096 )

1m telescope ZEISS-1000 1.0m telescope ZEISS-1000 with photomultiplier tube

Some 0.6m telescopes

Майданак тогидаги илк тадкикотлар № Studies Reference Results 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Clear night time Temperature Wind speed Sky background Extinction coefficient Seeing (FWHM, at =0.5m) Novikova, 1970 Gladishev & Shirokova, 1987 Kardopolov & Filip’ev, 1979 Zhelezhnyakova, 1984 Shevchenko, 1973 Artamonov et al., 1987 Shcheglov & Gur’yanov, 1991 58-60% of max. possible time +13C, in summer -15C, in winter 2.5 m/s 22m.3-22m.9 (in B-filter) 21m.4-22m.0 (in V-filter) 0.15 (in V-filter) 0.55 arcsec 0.60 arcsec 1.00 arcsec

Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM) M1, M2 are the parabolic primary and hyperbolic secondary mirrors, W1 and W2 are the entrance apertures. Two stellar image are separated on the detector by a wedge prism on W2.

Исследование качества изображения на Майданакской обсерватории методом регистрации дифференциальных дрожаний изображений звезд

Очень плохое отличное

Maidanak seeing measured by DIMM in arcseconds at zenith and 0 Maidanak seeing measured by DIMM in arcseconds at zenith and 0.5 m: examples of a good and a bad nights

The full series of seeing measurements obtained at Maidanak with the DIMM from August 1996 up to November 2000

Histogram and cumulative distribution

Comparison with other observatories

Monthly median seeing at Maidanak in [1996-1999] (full line) and at Paranal (squares on dotted line) with the minimum and maximum monthly averages (dotted lines) during the period [1993-1999]

Monthly average fraction of clear nights at Maidanak in [1979-1985] (Gladisheva & Shirokova 1987) and of photometric nights at La Silla and Paranal during period [1983-1997] (Sarazin 1997b) Month Maidanak La Silla Paranal January February March April May June July August September October November December 31 54 42 47 44 79 92 81 84 55 46 73 76 63 40 34 48 57 67 69 77 83 70 75 85 Total 58 59 78

Month Wind, m/s Temperature Median max mean Min Max January 2.8 9.7 3.22 -7.20 -14.20 1.40 -6.19 February 1.0 8.0 1.96 -6.80 -15.40 -1.00 -7.01 March 2.0 9.3 2.44 -4.40 -9.40 -2.00 -4.69 April 3.7 8.5 3.55 2.70 -4.00 6.20 2.00 May 2.3 4.9 2.41 8.00 5.00 13.40 8.61 June 3.2 9.0 3.33 11.60 5.80 17.20 11.74 July 2.27 14.20 7.20 24.50 14.32 August 10.7 2.26 4.40 19.50 13.56 September 2.2 8.6 2.50 11.20 1.20 17.60 11.62 October 10.0 5.20 -4.80 12.50 4.99 November 1.5 1.87 0.80 -7.80 9.40 0.61 December 0.5 6.8 1.16 -6.65 -13.60 -6.43 Total 1.95 9.03 2.46 Seasonal statistics of wind velocity (m/s) and temperature (Celsium) measured once per 6 m above ground during DIMM seeing measurements at Maidanak for period August 1996 to October 2000 reorganized on 12 months basis

Dependence of the seeing on ground level wind speed at Mt. Maidanak

Ground layer turbulence MAST- the instrument is developed at Nice University (UNSA) (M.Azouit, F. Manigault, A.Agabi et al.) Couple of temperature sensors at the altitudes up to 25.5m The temperature microfluctuations are measured on each level From CT2 to CN2

Ground layer turbulence

Ground layer turbulence

Correlation with seeing and wind speed

CN2 versus altitude

Night by night variations

Comparison with Paranal Site Median seeing Log( CN2) at 3m Log( CN2) at 7(9)m Log( CN2) at 21(23)m Paranal 0.66 -14.2 -14.7 -15.4 Maidanak 0.69 -14.1 -14.5 -14.9

Atmospheric transparency in UBVR filters During the 12 summer season of Maidanak in period 09-Jun-1991 - 05-Oct-2002 performed in 856 nights.